Imunoregulacijski mehanizmi tijekom trudnoće

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Immunoregulatory mechanisms in pregnancy
• Author: Marinela Križanac
• Mentor: Nada Oršolić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Trudnoća je razdoblje koje zahtijeva supresiju majčinog imunosnog sustava u
maternici. Na taj se način dopušta fetusu da se implantira i neometano razvija. Neke od
promjena imunosnog sustava koje omogućavaju ovaj proces obuhvaćaju uspostavu lokalne
imunotolerancije stanica T, smanjenje ili gubitak citotoksičnosti stanica NK, polarizaciju
makrofaga nakon invazije trofoblasta i smanjenje aktivacijskih signalnih molekula na
stanicama AP. Osim lokalne imunosne tolerancije, otkrivena je i globalna koja se događa zbog
proširenja tolerogeničnih stanica T po trudničinom tijelu. Takva ekspanzija tolerogeničnosti
dovodi do smanjenja simptoma autoimunih bolesti koje su nevezane za trudnoću, npr.
Gravesova bolest, ali ne čini trudnicu podložnom zarazi svim, nego samo određenim
patogenima kao što je Listeria monocytogenes. Postoji niz faktora koji utječu na ponašanje
decidualnih imunosnih stanica od kojih je ključna majčina prehrana, a u zadnje vrijeme se
smatra da važnu ulogu ima i cijepljenje. Majčin imunosni sustav tijekom trudnoće regulira
razvitak fetalnog imunosnog sustava i modulira neonatalni imunosni odgovor. Primarne uloge
u tim procesima ima IgG koji prolazi kroz posteljicu i zadržava se u tijelu novorođenčeta do
šestog mjeseca života čime je omogućena pasivna imunost. Drugi način prijenosa imunosnih
stanica i ostalih topivih imunosnih faktora odvija se putem majčinog mlijeka zbog čega se
preporučuje dojenje umjesto korištenja umjetnih zamjena za mlijeko.

Abstract (english)

Pregnancy is a period which requires a suppression of mother’s immune system in the
uterus. This allows the fetus to implant itself and enables its unobstructed development. Some
of the changes in the immune system that enable this process consist of the establishment of
local immunotolerance of T cells, a reduction or loss of cytotoxicity in NK cells, a polarization
of macrophages after trophoblast invasion and a reduction in activating signaling molecules in
APCs. Besides the local immunotolerance, a global immunotolerance has been discovered,
which occurs due to tolerogenic T cells spreading throughout a pregnant woman’s body. This
tolerogenicity expansion leads to a reduction in the symptoms of autoimmune diseases not
connected to pregnancy, such as the Graves’ disease, however, it does not make the pregnant
woman susceptible to all infections, but only to certain pathogens such as Lysteria
monocytogenes. There is a host of factors that influence the behavior of decidual immune cells,
the key factor being mother’s diet, and in recent years, vaccination is thought to also have an
important role. Mother’s immune system regulates the development of the immune system of
the fetus and modulates the neonatal immune response during the pregnancy. IgG has a primary
role in these processes. It passes through the placenta and stays in the newborn’s body for six
months, which enables passive immunity. Another type of transfer of immune cells and other
soluble immune factors is carried out through mother’s milk, which is why breastfeeding is
recommended instead of using artificial milk substitutions.

• Keywords: trudnoća; imunoregulacijski mehanizmi
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:884583
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-10-01 11:10:24