Genska raznolikost porodice Acipenseridae u Hrvatskoj

master's thesis

• Title (english): Genetic diversity of the family Acipenseridae in Croatia
• Author: Valentin Facko
• Mentor: Ivana Buj (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Buj (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Lajtner (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Čanjevac (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Pikelj (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nenad Buzjak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-02-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Acipenseridae su uz porodicu Polyodontidae jedini živi predstavnici reda Acipenseriformes. One su među najprimitivnijim ribama koštunjačama te ujedno i zadnji preživjeli predstavnici gotovo potpuno izumrlog nadreda zrakoperki - Chondrostei, tzv. štitonoša. Razni antropogeni pritisci, ali i njihova relativna ekološka osjetljivost, doveli su Acipenseridae u prirodi u vrlo nepovoljan položaj te ih brojne zemlje počinju štititi. Na području Hrvatske, kroz prošlost je zabilježeno 8 vrsta iz porodice Acipenseridae te 1 vrsta iz porodice Polyodontidae, od kojih samo 2 vrste trenutno opstaju u prirodi te su obje klasificirane u ugrožene kategorije prema IUCN-u. Biologija porodice Acipenseridae na našim prostorima nije dovoljno istražena, što predstavlja značajan problem u zaštiti ovih vrsta. Uvid u taksonomsku i gensku raznolikost ovih vrsta kao i njihovu rasprostranjenost prvi je korak prema razvoju daljnjih istraživanja koja će omogućiti njihovu zadovoljavajuću zaštitu. U ovom istraživanju korištene su metode molekularne analize genskog markera citokrom b na uzorcima jedinki jesetre i kečige iz divljine i uzgajališta. Napravljene su rekonstrukcije filogenetskog stabla metodama najveće parsimonije i najveće vjerojatnosti, rekonstrukcija filogenetske mreže metodom susjednog povezivanja, kao i rekonstrukcija stabla evolucijske prošlosti bayesovom metodom. Također su izračunate mjere genske raznolikosti. Rezultati potvrđuju pripadnost uzorkovanih jedinki vrstama Acipenser ruthenus i A. baerii te ukazuju na zamjetnu razliku u stupnju genetske raznolikosti između populacija iz prirode i onih iz uzgajališta.

Abstract (english)

With the family Polyodontidae, Acipenseridae are the only living members of the order Acipenseriformes. They are amongst the most primitive bony fish and are also the last surviving members of the almost extinct superorder of Actinopterygii - Chondrostei. Different anthropogenic pressures, in combination with their relatively high ecological vulnerability, have led Acipenseridae to a quite unfavorable position, so most countries have started implementing measures for their protection. Historically, there have been 8 recorded species from the family Acipenseridae and 1 from the family Polyodontidae in Croatia, of which only 2 still exist in the wild, both being classified in endangered IUCN categories. The biology of Acipenseridae in Croatia isn't researched enough, which poses a problem in conservation efforts. Gaining insights into their taxonomic and genetic diversity and geographic distribution is the first step for conducting research which will lead to adequate protection of these endangered species. This research uses methods of molecular analysis of the gene marker cytochrome b on species of sterlet and sturgeon captured in the wild and from a fishery. Reconstructions of phylogenetic trees using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, as well as a reconstruction of their phylogenetic network using mutual joining method and a reconstruction of their evolutionary history using Bayesian methods were made. Measures of their genetic diversity were also calculated. The results confirm that the sampled individuals belong to Acipenser ruthenus and A. baerii species and indicate a much higher degree of genetic diversity of wild populations in comparison to populations bred in fisheries.

• Keywords: jesetra; filogenija; taksonomija; evolucijska prošlost; PCR; citokrom b; zaštita
• Keywords (english): sturgeon; phylogeny; taxonomy; evolutionary history; PCR; cytochrome b; conservation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:475615
• Study programme: Title: Enviromental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu (magistar/magistra struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-02-23
• Created on: 2022-03-17 18:14:34