Alternativni genetički kod

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Alternative genetic code
• Author: Kristina Lukić
• Mentor: Nenad Malenica (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Standardni genetički kod čini gotovo univerzalan set pravila kojim se nukleotidna sekvenca prevodi
u 20 prirodnih aminokiselina koje grade proteine. Međutim, u prirodi postoji velik broj
aminokiselina koje nisu proteinogene i koje bi, ukoliko se pronađe način njihove ugradnje,
proteinima mogle dati brojna nova svojstva i funkcije. Napredak u znanosti i razvoj sintetske
biologije i ksenobiologije omogućio je „rekodiranje“ i razvoj polusintetskih i sintetskih organizama
s izmijenjenim, tzv. alternativnim genetičkim kodom. Znanstvenici su pri tome koristili različite
metode i modele poput supresorskih tRNA, sintetskih parova baza, kvadripleta umjesto tripleta
nukleotida, mutiranih ribosoma itd. Danas se većina ovakvih istraživanja bavi time kako proširenje
genetičkog koda i proteini s novim svojstvima utječu na procese poput transkripcije, translacije i
post-transkripcijske modifikacije proteina te potencijalnoj primjeni takvih organizama u
genetičkom inženjerstvu, biotehnologiji i medicini. U ovom završnom radu prikazan je kratak
pregled metoda koje su znanstvenici koristili kod proširenja genetičkog koda, opisani organizmi
koji su dosad rekodirani i njihova potencijalna primjena u znanosti i biotehnologiji.

Abstract (english)

The standard genetic code forms a nearly universal set of rules that translate the nucleotide
sequence into the 20 naturally occurring amino acids that build proteins. However, in nature, there
is a large number of amino acids that are not proteinogenic, and, if a way of incorporating them is
found, it could give proteins numerous new characteristics and functions. Advances in science and
the development of synthetic biology and xenobiology enabled the "recoding" and development of
semi-synthetic and synthetic organisms with altered or alternative genetic code. For that scientists
have used various methods and models such as suppressor tRNAs, synthetic base pairs, quadruplets
instead of nucleotide triplets, mutated ribosomes, etc. Today, most research is based on how the
expansion of the genetic code and proteins with new properties affect processes such as
transcription, translation, and post-transcriptional modifications of proteins and the potential
application of such organisms in genetic engineering, biotechnology, and medicine. This bachelor
thesis presents a brief overview of the methods used by scientists to expand the genetic code,
description of the organisms that have been recoded so far, and their potential application in science
and biotechnology.

• Keywords: proširenje genetičkog koda; sintetski organizam; aminokiseline; sintetska biologija. protein; rekodiranje
• Keywords (english): genetic code expansion; synthetic organism; amino acids; synthetic biology; protein; recoding
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:208620
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-09-26 13:58:57