Personalizirani pristup liječenju raka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): A personalized approach to cancer treatment
• Author: Petra Struški
• Mentor: Inga Urlić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Tumori su vrlo komplekse i heterogene bolesti čije liječenje je vrlo zahtjevno. U
konvencionalnom pristupu liječenja svi pacijenti s istom vrstom tumora primaju sličnu terapiju.
Napretkom istraživanja i tehnologije produbljeno je znanje o tumorima te takav pristup
liječenju više nije zadovoljavajuć. Međutim, novootkriveno znanje nije lako prenijeti u kliničku
primjenu. Probleme uzrokuje adaptabilnost tumora te velika količina informacija
prekompleksnih za interpretaciju. U ovom radu prezentirane su metode istraživanja te
personaliziranog tretmana tumora. Sve metode se prvenstveno temelje na biopsiji, metodama
molekularnog profiliranja, kulturi stanica te biomarkerima. Iz toga proizlaze modeli
ksenografta i organoida te adoptivna stanična terapija i cjepivo protiv raka. Važnost
ksenografta i organoida je pružanje što vjernijeg modela tumora ex vivo da bi se determinirala
najbolja moguća terapija za pojedinog pacijenta. S druge strane, metode cjepiva i adoptivne
stanične terapije omogućuju imunološkom sustavu pacijenta da napada tumor. Rezultati
spomenutih metoda su vrlo obećavajući, ali imaju i određene nedostatke kojih moramo biti
svjesni. Za dobivanje najboljih rezultata u istraživanju i tretmanu raka trebamo kombinirano
koristiti dostupne metode i pažljivo interpretirati rezultate. U svakom slučaju, personalizirani
tretman raka je iznimno djelotvoran za pojedine pacijente. Unatoč tome, takav pristup još
uvijek nije spreman za primjenu u generalnoj populaciji.

Abstract (english)

Tumors are extremely complex and heterogeneous diseases whose treatment is very
demanding. Conventional approach treats all patients with the same type of tumor with similar
therapy. Advances in tumor research and new technology made conventional approaches
obsolete. However, newly discovered knowledge is not readily transferable to clinical
application. Challenges include adaptability of the tumor and the large amount of information
too complex to interpret. In this paper, research methods and personalized tumor treatments
are introduced. All methods are founded on biopsy, molecular profiling methods, cell culture
and biomarkers. From those base methods emerge xenograft and organoid models, as well as
adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccine. Xenografts and organoids provide us with the most
accurate tumor model possible ex vivo to determine the best therapy for the patient. On the
other hand, cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies enable the patient’s immune system to
attack the tumor. These methods give promising results, but they come with certain
shortcomings. The best results in cancer research and treatment are obtained by utilizing the
mix of available methods and carefully interpreting results. In large, personalized cancer
treatment is very successful for singular patients. Nevertheless, it still is not ready for
application in the general population

• Keywords: tumor; ksenografti; organoidi; stanična terapija; biomarkeri
• Keywords (english): tumor; xenografts; organoids; cell therapy; biomarkers
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:900389
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-04 12:53:30