Evolucija spolnih kromosoma kralježnjaka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes
• Author: Marta Kaloper
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-09, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Spolni kromosomi jedan su od glavnih sustava determinacije spola višestaničnih organizama, a od
autosoma se razlikuju u nizu specifičnih karakteristika koje mogu biti uzrok ili posljedica njihove
jedinstvene funkcije. Od njihova otkrića 1905. godine istraživane su njihove posebne karakteristike
i postavljani teorijski statistički modeli njihova postanka. Nakon razvoja molekularno bioloških
metoda istraživanja su se posvetila definiranju njihovih gena i puteva kojima utječu na
diferencijaciju spola. Pokazalo se kako su spolni kromosomi kralježnjaka iznimno raznolike i
dinamične strukture čime je otvoren put analizi njihove evolucijske prošlosti. Dakako, time su
prethodna teorijska razmatranja stavljena na kušnju i postavljena su vrlo važna pitanja koja ni danas
nemaju direktan odgovor. U sklopu ovoga rada pokušat ću odgovoriti na pitanja: koje su osnovne
karakteristike spolnih kromosoma; koje su paradigme ustanovljene za njihov nastanak te
podudaraju li se one sa stvarnim stanjem u većine kralježnjaka; jesu li istraživanja spolnih
kromosoma kralježnjaka dosegla svoj vrhunac te što nas još očekuje?

Abstract (english)

Sex chromosomes are one of the main determinants of sex in multicellular organisms, and they
differ from autosomes in a number of specific characteristics that may be the cause or consequence
of their unique function. Since their discovery in 1905, their special characteristics have been
investigated through theoretical and statistical models. After the development of molecular
research methods in biology, research was mainly targeted at defining their genes and the pathways
that influence sex differentiation. Through this research it has been shown that the chromosomes
of vertebrates have an extremely diverse and dynamic structure. Because of that their evolution has
become a great puzzle. Of course, this put the previous theoretical considerations to the test and
raised very important questions that still do not have a direct answer. As part of this work, I will
try to answer the following questions: what are the basic characteristics of sex chromosomes; what
paradigms have been established for their origin and do experimental evidence in vertebrates match
what was previously tought; has the research of sex chromosomes of vertebrates reached its peak
and what else awaits us?

• Keywords: GDS; MSD geni; evolucijski modeli
• Keywords (english): GDS; MSD genes; models of evolution
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:926714
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-07 08:15:59