Epigenetička regulacija odgovora biljaka na stres

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Epigenetic regulation in plant stress responses
• Author: Miran Grgić
• Mentor: Dunja Leljak-Levanić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Biljke pomoću epigenetičkih promjena mogu u stresnim uvjetima regulirati ekspresiju gena. U toj
regulaciji važnu ulogu ima RNA-usmjerena metilacija DNA kojom se utišavaju pokretni genetički
elementi. Osim RNA-usmjerene DNA metilacije, u odgovoru biljaka na stres sudjeluju enzimi koji
postavljaju reverzibilne kemijske modifikacije na histonske repove. Primjer takvih modifikacija su
metilacija, acetilacija, fosforilacija, ubikvitinacija i sumoilacija histonskih repova. Enzimi za
remodeliranje kromatina mogu pomicanjem nukleosoma duž molekule DNA utjecati na ekspresiju
gena. Izlaganje stresnim uvjetima može dovesti do epigenetičkog pamćenja stresa koje ima
potencijal prenijeti se u novu generaciju biljaka. Manipulacijom biljnog epigenoma mogu se
stvoriti biljke otporne na različite vrste stresa kao što su toplinski stres, stres izazvan niskim
temperaturama, stres izazvan sušom i biotički stres. Na ovaj način mogli bi se povećati prinosi
usjeva i uzgajati biljke na do sada neiskorištenim površinama.

Abstract (english)

Plants can use epigenetic changes to regulate gene expression under stressful conditions. RNAdirected DNA methylation, which silences mobile genetic elements, plays an important role in this
regulation. In addition to RNA-directed DNA methylation, the response of plants to stress involves
enzymes that place reversible chemical modifications on histone tails. Examples of such
modifications are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation of
histone tails. Chromatin remodeling enzymes can influence gene expression by moving
nucleosomes along the DNA molecule. Exposure to stressful conditions can lead to an epigenetic
stress memory that has the potential to be transferred to a new generation of plants. By
manipulating the plant epigenome, plants resistant to different types of stress such as heat stress,
low temperature stress, drought stress and biotic stress can be created. In this way, crop yields
could be increased, and plants could be grown on previously unused areas.

• Keywords: RdDM; histoni; sRNA; kromatin; usjevi
• Keywords (english): RdDM; histones; sRNA; chromatin; crops
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:897323
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-09-21
• Created on: 2022-10-13 11:22:58