ENTERIČKI ŽIVČANI SUSTAV

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Author: Mateja Miličević
• Mentor: Sofia Ana Blažević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Enterički živčani sustav dio je perifernog živčanog sustava i inervira sve slojeve
probavnog trakta, od jednjaka do analnog otvora. Reguliran je parasimpatičkim i simpatičkim
dijelom autonomnog živčanog sustava, ali može i izvršavati određene funkcije neovisno o
naredbama mozga i leđne moždine. Bitan je za regulaciju motorike, sekreciju i imunološke
odgovore probavila te služi kao medijator između crijevne mikrobiote i središnjeg živčanog
sustava. Izgrađen je od dva pleksusa: submukoznog i mijenteričkog pleksusa koji komuniciraju
međusobno, ali i s ostalim dijelovima živčanog sustava. Građeni su od velikog broja neurona i
enteroglijalnih stanica koji zajedno čine kompleksne neuralne krugove. Enterički živčani sustav
je reguliran raznim neurotransmiterima i aktivnim tvarima poput acetilkolin, serotonin,
dopamin, tvar P i vazoaktivni intestinalni peptid. Studijama je dokazan izravan utjecaj crijevne
mikrobiote na enterički živčani sustav preko kojega utječe na cijeli organizam. Promjene u
sastavu normalne crijevne mikrobiote mogu dovesti do poremećaja crijevnih funkcija (kao što
su sekrecija i pokretljivost), fenotipskih promjena neurona, ali i do poremećaja u ponašanju te
neuroloških bolesti. Najbrojniji mikroorganizmi nađeni unutar probavnog sustava su bakterije,
koje mogu biti komenzalne ili patogene, neurotropni virusi i praživotinje.

Abstract (english)

The enteric nervous system is part of the peripheral nervous system and innervates all
layers of the digestive tract, from the esophagus to the anus. It is regulated by both the
parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous system, but it can also perform certain
functions independently of the brain and spinal cord. It is essential for the regulation of motility,
secretion and immune responses of the digestive system and serves as a mediator between the
intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. It is made up of two plexuses: the
submucosal and the myenteric plexus, which communicate with each other and with other parts
of the nervous system. They are built from a large number of neurons and enteroglial cells that
together form complex neural circuits. The enteric nervous system is regulated by various
neurotransmitters and active substances such as acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, substance
P and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Studies have shown the direct influence of intestinal
microbiota on the enteric nervous system, through which it affects the entire organism. Changes
in the composition of the normal intestinal microbiota can lead to disorders of intestinal
functions (such as secretion and motility), phenotypic changes of neurons, but also to behavioral
disorders and neurological diseases. The most numerous microorganisms found inside the
digestive system are bacteria, which can be commensal or pathogenic, neurotropic viruses and
protozoa.

• Keywords: periferni živčani sustav; probavni trakt; crijevna mikrobiota
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:896103
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-25 12:09:04