Ispitivanje razgradnje komercijalnih biorazgradivih vrećica u okolišu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Testing the environmental degradation of commercial biodegradable bags
• Author: Martina Fileš
• Mentor: Sandra Hudina (mentor)
• Mentor: Sanja Ercegović Ražić (mentor)
• Committee member: Sandra Hudina (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Ivanković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Previšić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Maguire (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Biorazgradive vrećice izrađene su od biorazgradivih polimera, a razvile su se kao alternativa
plastičnim vrećicama. Međutim, njihova razgradnja u okolišnim uvjetima nije u potpunosti
istražena te je često nepotpuna ili gotovo neprimjetna. U ovome radu ispitana je razgradnja tri
tipa biorazgradivih i jednog tipa plastičnih vrećica komercijalno dostupnih u Hrvatskoj, u
različitim okolišima. Uzorci vrećica izlagani su šest tjedana u vodi, tlu, kompostu i na zraku,
dok su kontrolni uzorci bili skladišteni u sobnim uvjetima. Svi tipovi vrećica uzorkovani su dva
puta, pri čemu su mjerene promjene mehaničkih svojstava vrećica te razlike u mikrobnim
zajednicama između (gnojivom i pesticidima) tretiranog i netretiranog tla. Istraživanjem su
zabilježene velike razlike u mehaničkim promjenama između različitih tipova biorazgradivih
vrećica, pri čemu su najbolji potencijal razgradnje pokazale „bijela“ i „smeđa“ vrećica. U
kompostu je očekivano zabilježena najveća promjena strukture i mehaničkih svojstava svih
tipova vrećica, dok je na zraku i u vodi zabilježena najmanja promjena. Tretirano i netretirano
tlo pokazali su značajnu razliku u abundanciji i raznolikosti mikrobnih zajednica. Veća
raznolikost mikrobnih zajednica tretiranog tla potencijalno je doprinijela izraženoj razgradnji
dva analizirana tipa vrećica ('bijela' i 'smeđa'), što indicira da bi razgradnja biorazgradivih
vrećica mogla biti sporija u prirodnim staništima.

Abstract (english)

Biodegradable bags were developed as an alternative to plastic bags. However, their
degradation in environmental conditions has not been fully investigated and is often incomplete.
Here, the decomposition of three types of biodegradable and one type of plastic bags
commercially available in Croatia was analysed in different environments. Bags were exposed
for six weeks in water, soil, air and compost, while the control groups were stored in room
conditions. All types of bags were sampled twice, and different parameters of changes in
mechanical properties were measured. Also, mechanical properties of the bags and microbial
communities exposed in treated (pesticides and manure) and untreated soil were analysed. The
research established significant differences in changes in mechanical properties between
different types of biodegradable bags, with 'white' and 'brown' bags showing the best
decomposition potential. As expected, the largest change in the structure and mechanical
properties of all types of bags was recorded in compost, and the lowest in air and water. Treated
and untreated soil showed a significant difference in the abundance and diversity of microbial
communities. Higher diversity of microbial communities of the treated soil potentially
contributed to the higher degradation of the two analyzed types of bags („white“ and „brown“),
which indicates that the degradation of biodegradable bags could be slower in natural habitats.

• Keywords: okoliš; biorazgradivi polimeri; mehanička svojstva; mikrobne zajednice tla; oštećenja površinske strukture
• Keywords (english): environment; biodegradable polymers; mechanical properties; microbial communities in soil; damege of surface structure
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:060624
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ekologije i zaštite prirode (magistar/magistra ekologije i zaštite prirode)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Embargoed access; Embargo expiration date: 2024-09-22
• Created on: 2022-10-25 12:14:03