Specijalna teorija relativnosti i relativistička masa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Special theory of relativity and relativistic mass
• Author: Matej Turkalj
• Mentor: Dubravko Klabučar (mentor)
• Committee member: Dubravko Klabučar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivica Smolić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Planinić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Horvatić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Pavlovski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Physics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-02-24, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Physics

Abstract

1905. je bila čudesna godina, godina u kojoj je Einstein izdao nekoliko revolucionarnih radova, među kojima je bio i začetak Specijalne Teorije Relativnosti (STR). U svome posljednjem objavljenom radu 1905., Einstein je došao do svoje slavne jednadžbe 𝐸0=𝑚𝑐2. Osim Einsteina, veliki doprinos razvoju STR dali su Max Planck i Herman Minkowski. Planck je izveo relativistički izraz za količinu gibanja, dok je Minkowski ujedinio prostor i vrijeme u jedan entitet, kojeg je on nazvao svijet, a mi ga danas znamo pod drugim imenom – prostorvijeme, što je dovelo do stvaranja četverodimenzionalnog formalizma STR. U tom formalizmu može se pokazati kako je masa invarijantna veličina – veličina čija vrijednost ne ovisi o izboru referentnog sustava. Međutim, neispravno tumačenje slavne jednadžbe neizbježno dovodi do koncepta relativističke mase (RM) - mase čija vrijednost ovisi o izboru referentnog sustava, tj. brzini. Iako je znanstvena zajednica danas odustala od koncepta RM, ona i danas dalje prevladava u knjigama popularne znanosti jer zajedno s formulom 𝐸=𝑚𝑐2 autori nastoje privući pozornost, te na taj način drže na životu koncept koji se je davno trebao prestati upotrebljavati.

Abstract (english)

1905. was a marvelous year, year in which Einstein published several revolutionary works, among which was beginning of Special Theory of Relativity (STR). In his last published work, in 1905., Einstein came up with his famous equation 𝐸_0=𝑚𝑐2. Besides Einstein, great contribution to development of STR gave Max Planck and Herman Minkowski. Planck derived relativistic expression for momentum, while Minkowski united space and time in one entity he called the world, which we today know by a different name - spacetime, thus led to development of fourdimensional formalism of STR. In that formalism we can show that mass is invariant quantity – quantity whose value does not depend on the chosen reference frame. However, invalid use of the famous equation inevitably leads to a concept of relativistic mass (RM) – mass whose values does depend on the chosen reference frame, i.e. speed. Although the science community did abandon a concept of RM, it still prevails in popular science books, because together with equation 𝐸=𝑚𝑐2, authors seek to attract the attention of the reader, keeping alive a concept which was supposed to be abanded long time ago.

• Keywords: specijalna teorija relativnosti; masa; odnos mase i energije; energija mirovanja; prostorvrijeme; relativistička masa
• Keywords (english): special theory of relativity; mass; relationship between mass and energy; rest energy; spacetime; relativistic mass
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:254575
• Study programme: Title: Physics; specializations in: Education; Course: Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra edukacije fizike (magistar/magistra edukacije fizike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-07-04 13:29:17