Stres i mozak: fiziološke posljedice i mehanizam otpornosti

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Stress and the brain: physiological consequences and mechanism of resistance
• Author: Tamara Ivančević
• Mentor: Dubravka Hranilović (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-01, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Stres je reakcija organizma na stresore iz okoline s ciljem održavanja homeostaze. Odgovor
organizma na stres je pod neuroendokrinom kontrolom hipotalamusa, hipofize i nadbubrežne
žlijezde. Predfrontalni korteks i amigdala zajednički reguliraju odgovor mozga na stresne uvjete,
zbog čega razlikujemo tzv. „vicious“ i „delicious cycle“. Kronični stres uzrokuje strukturne
promjene u hipokampusu. Međutim, posljedice izloženosti stresu ovise o razdoblju života u kojem
se čovjek nalazi. Prenatalno razdoblje vrijeme je programiranja živčanog sustava. Upravo zbog
toga stres u prenatalnom razdoblju i djetinjstvu može imati iznimno negativne posljedice na rast i
razvoj mozga. U adolescenciji i odrasloj dobi mogu se manifestirati posljedice stresa iz djetinjstva
u obliku psihičkih poremećaja. U starijoj dobi, stresu su podložniji oni dijelovi mozga koji najbrže
stare. Otpornost na stres definira se kao sposobnost prilagodbe pojedinca na akutni stres ili traumu.
Mehanizam otpornosti ovisi o fiziološkim, genetičkim i epigenetičkim faktorima. Razni
neurokemijski spojevi ključni su u razvoju otpornosti organizma, ali ovise i o genetičkoj pozadini
pojedinca.

Abstract (english)

Stress is the organism's reaction to environmental stressors with the aim of maintaining
homeostasis. The body's response to stress is under neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland and adrenal gland. The prefrontal cortex and the amygdala regulate the brain's
response to stressful conditions, which is why we distinguish the "vicious" and "delicious cycle".
Chronic stress causes structural changes in the hippocampus. However, the consequences of stress
exposure depend on age. The prenatal period is the time of the nervous system programming. This
is why stress in the prenatal period and childhood can have extremely negative consequences on
growth and development of the brain. In adolescence and adulthood, the consequences of childhood
stress can manifest in the form of psychological disorders. In old age, parts of the brain that age
the fastest are more susceptible to stress. Stress resistance is defined as an individual's ability to
adapt to acute stress or trauma. The mechanism of resistance depends on physiological, genetic and
epigenetic factors. Various neurochemical compounds are crucial in the development of the body's
resistance, but they also depend on the individual's genetic background.

• Keywords: živčani sustav; glukokortikoidi; pamćenje; epigenetika
• Keywords (english): nervous system; glucocorticoids; memory; epigenetics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:402415
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-09-25 09:34:36