Kemosinteza i život

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Chemosynthesis and life
• Author: Paula Klepić
• Mentor: Marko Miliša (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Kemosinteza je jedan od procesa primarne produkcije kojim se
organski spojevi sintetiziraju iz nutrijenata i anorganskih spojeva s jednim atomom ugljika
pomoću energije dobivene oksidacijom anorganskih spojeva i organskih spojeva s jednim
atomom ugljika. Proces čine dva glavna dijela: generiranje energije oksidacijom supstrata koji
podržava rast i fiksacija (asimilacija) ugljika. Oksidacijom supstrata koji podržava rast
oslobađaju se elektroni i energija koji omogućuju stvaranje membranskog elektrokemijskog
potencijala, sintezu ATP-a i redukciju NAD+
. Tako pohranjena energija iskorištava se, među
ostalim, za fiksaciju ugljika. Ugljik se u obliku CO2 asimilira na šest mogućih načina dok se u
obliku organskih spojeva s jednim atomom ugljika može asimilirati na tri različita načina.
Postoje dvije glavne skupine kemosintetskih organizama: kemolitotrofi (izvor energije i
elektrona su anorganske tvari, a izvor ugljika CO2) i metilotrofi (organske tvari s jednim
atomom ugljika izvor su energije, elektrona i ugljika). Kemosintetski organizmi sposobni su
preživljavati u različitim životnim uvjetima pa shodno tome pokazuju veliku raznolikost
metabolizma s obzirom na vrstu supstrata koji podržava rast, vrstu terminalnog akceptora
elektrona te izvor ugljika.

Abstract (english)

Chemosynthesis is one of the primary production processes by
which organic compounds are synthesized from nutrients and inorganic one-carbon compounds
using energy obtained from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and organic one-carbon
compounds. The process consists of two main parts: energy generation by oxidation of the
growth-supporting substrate and carbon fixation (assimilation). Oxidation of the growthsupporting substrate releases electrons and energy that enable the formation of the membrane electrochemical potential, the synthesis of ATP and the reduction of NAD+ . The energy stored in this way is used, among other things, for carbon fixation. Carbon in the form of CO2 is
assimilated in six possible ways, while in the form of organic one-carbon compounds it can be
assimilated in three different ways. There are two main groups of chemosynthetic organisms:
chemolithotrophs (the source of energy and electrons are inorganic substances, and the source
of carbon is CO2) and methylotrophs (organic one-carbon substances are the source of energy,
electrons, and carbon). Chemosynthetic organisms can survive in different living conditions
and consequently show a great diversity of metabolism regarding the type of groowth-supporting
substrate, the type of terminal electron acceptor and the carbon source.

• Keywords: autotrofi; kemolitotrofi; metilotrofi; redoks reakcije; fiksacija ugljika
• Keywords (english): autotrophs; chemolithotrophs; methylotrophs; redoks reactions; carbon fixation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:516750
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-09-26 12:36:42