Holobiont

undergraduate thesis

• Author: Maja Matković
• Mentor: Goran Kovačević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Pojam holobiont odnosi se na jedinku domaćina i pripadajuću mikrobnu zajednicu koji zajedno
čine selekcijsku jedinicu. Nastaje procesom simbiogeneze i dalje podliježe evolucijskim
procesima. Razlike u mikrobiomu mogle bi biti važan čimbenik u reproduktivnoj izolaciji i
specijaciji. Neki od najpoznatijih primjera holobionta su čovjek, koralji i hidra, a u ovom radu
od interesa je govoriti o primjeru koralja, biljaka i komaraca kao primjerima holobionta. Postoji
veza između pojedine endosimbioze i cirkadijalnog sata. Stres je reakcija organizma na štetne
agense iz okoliša (stresori) koji djeluju na strukturu ili funkciju organizma. Biljke, s obzirom
na ograničenu mogućnost kretanja, razvijaju sustave odgovora na stresore, uključujući i sintezu
hormona etilena koji pokazuje pleiotropni učinak na fenotip. Brža adaptacija okolišu također
donosi evolucijsku prednost. Proučavanjem holobionta možemo izvesti nove zaključke o
biologiji i ekologija organizama i to naposljetku može imati i praktičnu primjenu, primjerice u
biološkoj kontroli populacija komaraca i prevenciji širenja tropskih zaraznih bolesti.

Abstract (english)

Holobiont refers to a host organism and its microbial community and they together form one
selection unit. Holobiont is formed via symbiogenesis and further evolves as a unit.
Microbiome differences could be an important factor in reproductive isolation and speciation.
Well-known examples are human holobiont, corals and hydra, and herein the interest focuses
on the examples of corals, plants and mosquitoes. There is a connection between
endosymbiosis and circadian rhythm. Stress is a reaction of an organism to any harmful agent
from the environment (stressor) which affects its structure or function. Since plants have
limited movement possibilities, they develop multiple stress-response mechanisms including
hormone ethylene synthesis, which displays pleiotropy in plant phenotype. Faster adaptation
also leads to an evolutionary advantage. Further studies on holobiont could bring us new
conclusions on biology and ecology of particular organisms of interest and that could also bring
a practical use, e.g. this concept is used in mosquito population biological control and tropical
infectious diseases prevention.

• Keywords: evolucijska prednost; prilagodba okolišu; jedinica selekcije; simbioza; koralji; biljke; komarci
• Keywords (english): evolutionary advantage; enviromental adaptation; selection unit; symbiosis; corals; plants; mosquitoes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:621324
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences-University undergraduate programme; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-26 10:40:09