| Abstract | Među brojnim vrstama karcinoma dojke, trostruko negativni karcinom dojke (TNBC) jedan je od najagresivnijih s najlošijom prognozom. Stanice ovog tipa ne eksprimiraju niti jedan od tri glavna biomarkera (ER, PR i HER2) što značajno otežava liječenje koje se većinom svodi na citotoksičnu kemoterapiju. Flavonoidi, sekundarni biljni metaboliti prisutni u voću, povrću, čaju i vinu, predstavljaju obećavajuću terapijsku opciju za različite bolesti zbog svojih antioksidativnih, protuupalnih i antikancerogenih svojstava. Za mnoge flavonoide poput genisteina, kvercetina, kempferola, apigenina i drugih pokazano je da kod TNBC-a u pretkliničkim ispitivanjima inhibiraju proliferaciju i progresiju staničnog ciklusa, induciraju apoptozu, poboljšavaju antitumorski imunosni odgovor te da suprimiraju migraciju, epitelno-mezenhimalnu tranziciju i angiogenezu. Dostupnost, niska toksičnost i sinergistički učinak koji pokazuju u primjeni s kemoterapijom samo su neke od prednosti flavonoida kao strategije liječenja TNBC-a. Ipak, nužna je provedba većeg broja kliničkih istraživanja kao i daljnjih istraživanja kako bi se razvili odgovarajući ciljani sustavi dostave flavonoida. |
| Abstract (english) | Amongst the many types of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive, with the worst prognosis. Cells of this type lack the expression of the three main biomarkers (ER, PR and HER2) which significantly complicates treatment, often reducing it to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Flavonoids, secondary plant metabolites found in fruits, vegetables, tea and wine, are a promising therapeutic option for various diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Several flavonoids, such as genistein, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and others have been shown to inhibit proliferation and cell cycle progression, induce apoptosis, enhance the antitumor immune response and suppress migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis of TNBC in preclinical trials. Availability, low toxicity and synergistic effects observed when used in combination with chemotherapeutics are just some of the advantages of flavonoids as a treatment strategy for TNBC. However, the implementation of more clinical studies is necessary as well as further research in order to develop suitable targeted delivery systems for flavonoids. |
