Stanični obrambeni mehanizmi od patogena

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Cellular defense mechanisms against pathogens
• Author: Paula Mujanović
• Mentor: Maja Matulić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-08-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Imunološki sustav pruža organizmima zaštitu od brojnih patogena kojima su kontinuirano izloženi. Njegova osnovna uloga je prepoznati i uništiti sve molekule koje bi mogle naštetiti zdravlju domaćina, pri čemu imunosni odgovor može biti urođeni (nespecifični) ili adaptivni (specifični). Stanice urođenog imunološkog sustava predstavljaju prvu liniju obrane pri kontaktu sa stranim česticama. Iz tog razloga na svojoj površini, ali i u intracelularnim prostorima, imaju velik broj receptora za prepoznavanje uzoraka kojima detektiraju molekularne obrasce povezane s patogenima i oštećenjem tkiva – specifične molekule koje ukazuju na kontaminaciju stanice. Navedeni receptori dijele se na nekoliko skupina: TLR, CLR, NLR, ALR, RLR i cGAS, a prema položaju u stanici mogu biti membranski i citoplazmatski. Njihova aktivnost u organizmu pokreće signalne puteve kojima nastaju upalni medijatori poput citokina i antimikrobnih peptida. U tim procesima surađuju s raznim drugim molekulama kao što su adaptorski proteini, kinaze i transkripcijski faktori. Iako su receptori za prepoznavanje uzoraka vrlo važna komponenta imunološkog sustava, uočeno je da su njihove mutacije povezane s tumorigenezom i mnogim autoimunim bolestima. Međutim, upravo zbog tih svojstava ovi stanični senzori omogućuju razvoj novih, djelotvornijih terapija za liječenje navedenih oboljenja pa nastavljaju biti aktualna tema znanstvenih istraživanja.

Abstract (english)

The immune system provides organisms with protection against many pathogens to which they are continuously exposed. Its main role is to recognize and eliminate all molecules that might harm the host's health, with the immune response being either innate (non-specific) or adaptive (specific). Innate immune cells are the first line of defense when encountering foreign particles. Consequently, they have many pattern recognition receptors on their surface and within intracellular spaces, which detect molecular patterns associated with pathogens and tissue damage – specific molecules that signal cellular contamination. These receptors are classified into several groups: TLR, CLR, NLR, ALR, RLR and cGAS, and can be membrane-bound or cytoplasmic. Their activity initiates signaling pathways that result in the production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. They also interact with various other molecules, such as adaptor proteins, kinases and transcription factors. Although pattern recognition receptors are an important component of the immune system, it has been observed that their mutations are associated with tumorigenesis and numerous autoimmune diseases. However, due to these characteristics, these cellular sensors enable the development of new, more effective therapies for the treatment of the aforementioned conditions, thus they remain a current topic in scientific research.

• Keywords: imunosni odgovor; TLR; NLR; cGAS; signalni putevi; upalni medijatori
• Keywords (english): immune response; TLR; NLR; cGAS; signaling pathways; inflammatory mediators
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:625048
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-03 12:14:25