Interakcije crijevnog mikrobioma i imunološkog sustava

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system
• Author: Katarina Pauli
• Mentor: Zoran Tadić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-02, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Crijevo je jedno od najvećih imunoloških organa koje svojom sluznicom djeluju kao barijera protiv
prodora patogena, istovremeno esencijalno je za održavanje komunikacije imunološkog sustava i
crijevnog mikrobioma. Crijevni mikrobiom zajednica je brojnih bakterija, virusa i gljivica koji na
razne načine utječu na imunološki odgovor. Bakterije svojim metabolitima reguliraju proliferaciju,
diferencijaciju i funkcionalnost imunoloških stanica. Svojim utjecajem na imunološki sustav
promiču homeostazu crijeva ili pogoršavaju upalne procese. Jedna vrsta bakterijskih metabolita,
kratkolančane masne kiseline (eng. short-chain fatty acids, dalje: SCFA), pokazale su se kao važni
medijatori upalnih procesa. SCFA-producirajuće bakterije dominiraju zdravim crijevom. Međutim,
različiti čimbenici uzrokuju promjene u sastavu mikrobioma, gdje se povećava kolonizacija
patogena, što dovodi do disbioze crijeva. Disbioza crijeva povezana je s patogenezom različitih
bolesti i povećanoj podložnosti zarazama. S obzirom na to da se svakim novim istraživanjem
interakcije crijevnog mikrobioma i imunološkog sustava pokazuju esencijalnim za zdravlje cijelog
organizma, istraživanje ovog područja vrlo je važno za proučavanje patogeneze bolesti povezanih
s disbiozom i razvojem novih lijekova i tretmana.

Abstract (english)

The intestine is one of the largest immune organs, its mucosa acts as a barrier against the
penetration of pathogens. It is also essential for maintaining communication between the immune
system and the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is a big community of bacteria, viruses and
fungi that influence the immune response in various ways. Bacteria regulate the proliferation,
differentiation and functionality of immune cells with their metabolites. Through their influence
on the immune system, they promote gut homeostasis or worsen inflammatory processes. One type
of bacterial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have shown to be important mediators of
inflammatory processes. SCFA-producing bacteria dominate the healthy gut, however various
factors cause changes in the composition of the microbiome where pathogen colonization increases
causing gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases and
increased susceptibility to infections. New studies show that the interaction between the gut
microbiome and the immune system is essential for the health of the whole organism, research in
this area is critical for the understanding of the pathogenesis of dysbiosis-related diseases and the
development of new drugs and treatments.

• Keywords: kratkolančane masne kiseline (SCFA); disbioza; crijevna sluznica
• Keywords (english): short-chain fatty acids (SCFA); dysbiosis; gut mucosa
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:449421
• Study programme: Title: Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-12 17:02:24