Uloga biljnih bioaktivnih spojeva u zaštiti ljudskog organizma od oksidacijskog stresa

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The role of plant bioactive compounds in protecting human organism from oxidative stress
• Author: Jana Šarolić
• Mentor: Ivana Šola (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-05, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Koevolucijom biljaka i životinja, ljudski se organizam prilagodio kako bi optimalno iskoristio njemu korisne spojeve iz biljaka, a otrovne tvari primijenio hormetički, kao zaštitu od oksidacijskog stresa. Oksidacijski stres rezultat je neravnoteže između redukcijskih i oksidacijskih reakcija u stanici, označava ga pretjerana proizvodnja reaktivnih kisikovih vrsta koje neselektivno razaraju lipide, proteine i DNA. Takva oštećenja mogu prouzročiti nastanak i razvoj kardiovaskularnih, neurodegenerativnih bolesti i tumora. Biljni bioaktivni spojevi djeluju antioksidacijski zahvaljujući kemijskoj strukturi njihovih funkcionalnih skupina koje sudjeluju u enzimatskim reakcijama redoks-sustava, keliraju nepoželjne spojeve i metale, te olakšavaju unos i stabilizaciju esencijalnih hranjivih tvari. Na krvožilni sustav djeluju protuupalno, smanjuju razinu kolesterola u krvi i općenito smanjuju oksidacijski stres. Biljni spojevi mogu također zaštititi živčano tkivo, povećati plastičnost sinapsi i tako poboljšati kognitivne funkcije i pamćenje korisnika. Mogu kelirati kancerogene i djelovati prooksidacijski, odnosno razarajuće, ciljano na tumorske stanice. Znanstveno je dokazano da se uravnoteženom prehranom može prevenirati, kontrolirati i zaustaviti razvoj bolesti djelovanjem biljnih bioaktivnih spojeva na oksidacijski stres i upalne medijatore, a u kombinaciji s lijekovima moguće je smanjiti nuspojave i troškove terapije.

Abstract (english)

Through co-evolution of plants and animals, human organism has adapted to optimize the benefits of plant substances, and hormetically use those which are poisonous, as a protection against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between reduction and oxidation reactions in the cell, it is characterized by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which indiscriminately devastate lipids, proteins and DNA. Such damages may cause cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. Plant bioactive compounds due to the chemical structure of their functional groups have an antioxidant effect by participating in enzymatic reactions of the redox system, chelating undesired compounds and metals and by facilitating the intake and stabilization of essential substances. They have an anti-inflammatory effect on the circulatory system, reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and reduce oxidative stress in general. Plant bioactive compounds can also protect nervous tissues, increase synapse plasticity, thus enhancing cognitive functions and memory. They can also chelate carcinogens and have a prooxidative, destructive, effect on tumor cells specifically. It is scientifically proven that a balanced diet can prevent, control and stop the development of diseases through the action of plant bioactive compounds in oxidative stress and inflammation, and also decrease side effects and costs of medical treatments.

• Keywords: fitokemikalije; kardiovaskularne bolesti; neurodegenerativne bolesti; reaktivne kisikove vrste; tumori
• Keywords (english): cardiovascular diseases; neurodegenerative diseases; phytochemicals; reactive oxygen species; tumors
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:861240
• Study programme: Title: Molecular biology-University undergraduate programme; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-12 17:17:19