Usporedba triju sustava testiranja toksičnosti pesticida dimetoata, pirimifos-metila i deltametrina upotrebom molekularnih biljega gujavica (Lumbricidae)

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Comparison of three systems for testing the toxicity of pesticides dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin using molecular biomarkers of earthworms (Lumbricidae)
• Author: Mirna Velki
• Mentor: Branimir Hackenberger Kutuzović (mentor); MBZ: 221360
• Committee member: Roberta Sauerborn Klobučar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sandra Ečimović (član povjerenstva); MBZ: 274664
• Committee member: Mirjana Pavlica (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 577 - Biochemistry. Molecular biology. Biophysics

Abstract

U ovoj disertaciji istraživana je višestruka različitost u toksičnim učincima i načinu istraživanja toksičnih učinaka tri učestalo korištena insekticida, organofosfata dimetoata i pirimifos-metila i piretroida deltametrina, na različite ekološke kategorije gujavica primjenom dva standardizirana testa toksičnosti (kontaktni filter papir test i test s umjetnim tlom) i mikrokozmičkog sustava. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji mjerljiva razlika u odgovoru biljega gujavica između pokusa koji se provode u pretežno determinističkim uvjetima (standardizirani testovi toksičnosti) i pokusa koji se provode u pretežno stohastičkim uvjetima (mikrokozmički sustavi). Iz rezultata dobivenih primjenom okolišno relevantnih koncentracija istraživanih pesticida, može se zaključiti da primjena istraživanih organofosfata u poljoprivredi ima mjerljiv toksikološki učinak na jedinke gujavica, dok primjena deltametrina u poljoprivredi najvjerojatnije neće imati utjecaj na odgovor biokemijskih biljega gujavica u okolišu. Rezultati mjerenja su pokazali da toksičnom djelovanju pesticida na gujavice može znatno doprinijeti pojava oksidativnog stresa i promjene u aktivnosti transmembranskih crpki za izbacivanje ksenobiotika. Dobiveni podatci o oporavku biljega su pokazali da je vrijeme oporavka istraživanih biokemijskih biljega bilo relativno sporo, pa je stoga nužno pri dizajniranju monitoringa zagađenja okoliša pomoću biokemijskih biljega uzeti u obzir to vrijeme. Usporedba osjetljivosti vrsta pokazala je da se vrsta-specifična ovisnost istraživanih vrsta gujavica nakon izlaganja istraživanim organofosfatima razlikuje ovisno o primijenjenom sustavu testiranja toksičnosti, odnosno osjetljivost vrsta bila je različita u standardiziranim testovima toksičnosti u usporedbi s mikrokozmičkim sustavom. Te su razlike ukazale na potrebu razlikovanja dva tipa osjetljivosti, fiziološku i okolišnu osjetljivost vrste, koje obje treba uzimati u obzir pri interpretaciji rezultata toksikoloških i ekotoksikoloških testova.

Abstract (english)

In the present thesis, the multiple differences in toxic effects and research methods of toxic effects of three commonly used insecticides, organophosphates dimethoate and pirimiphos-methyl and pyrethroid deltamethrin, on different ecological categories of earthworms by using two standardized toxicity tests (filter paper contact test and artificial soil test) and microcosmic system were investigated. The results showed measurable difference in responses between earthworm biomarkers obtained in experiments conducted mainly in deterministic conditions (standardized toxicity tests) and experiments conducted mainly in stochastic conditions (microcosmic systems). From the results obtained after applying environmentally relevant concentrations of investigated pesticides, it can be concluded that the application of the investigated organophosphates in agriculture has a measurable toxicological effects on earthworms, whereas application of deltamethrin in agriculture is unlikely to affect the response of biochemical biomarkers of earthworms in the environment. The measurements showed that the occurrence of oxidative stress and changes in the activity of efflux pumps might considerably contribute to the toxic effects of investigated pesticides on earthworms. The obtained data on the recovery of biomarkers showed that the recovery of investigated biochemical biomarkers was slow, so it is necessary to take into account the recovery time when designing the monitoring studies of environmental pollution using biochemical biomarkers. Comparison of the earthworm sensitivities showed that the species-specific sensitivity was different after exposure to organophosphates using standardized toxicity tests and microcosm. The obtained differences in sensitivities point to the need of distinguishing between two types of species sensitivity, physiological and environmental sensitivity, and both sensitivities should be taken into account in the interpretation of the results of toxicological and ecotoxicological tests.

• Keywords: pesticidi; gujavice; biološki biljezi; standardizirani testovi toksičnosti; mikrokozmički sustav
• Keywords (english): pesticides; earthworms; biomarkers; standardized toxicity tests; microcosmic system
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:976161
• Study programme: Title: Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje prirodnih znanosti, polje biologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-05-18 12:06:32