UTJECAJ SPECIJACIJE METALA NA TOKSIČNOST NANOČESTICA BAKRA U ODABRANIM VRSTAMA MIKROALGA, DAGNJA I JEŽINACA

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): INFLUENCE OF METAL SPECIATION ON TOXICITY OF COPPER–BASED NANOPARTICLES IN SELECTED MICROALGA, MUSSEL AND URCHIN SPECIES
• Author: Ivana Čarapar
• Mentor: Daniel Mark Lyons (mentor)
• Committee member: Biljana Balen (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dario Omanović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dijana Pavičić-Hamer (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Geology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-10-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences; Marine Science
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 55 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology

Abstract

Nanočestice (eng. nanoparticles, NP) bakra upotrebljavaju se kao antimikrobni aditivi u tekstilnoj industriji, tehnologiji pročišćavanja vode i premazima protiv obraštaja. Upravo upotreba u bojama predstavlja izravniji put za ispuštanje u morski okoliš, zbog degradacije boje u brodskim premazima tijekom vremena gdje mogu utjecati na širok raspon organizama u svim životnim fazama, od embrija do odraslih jedinki. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti utjecaj specijacije nanočestica bakra (CuNP), bakrovog (II) oksida (CuONP) i bakrovog (I) oksida (Cu2ONP) i kako abiotički čimbenici (svjetlosna jakost, salinitet i pH vode) utječu na stabilnost NP. Potencijalni toksični učinak specijacije NP ispitan je na morskim organizmima: mikroalgi Dunaliella salina, dagnji Mytilus galloprovincialis te ježincima Arbacia lixula, Paracentrous lividus i Sphaerechinus granularis. Na razini organizma pratila se fotosintetska učinkovitost kod mikroalge, test stres na stres kod dagnje te test spermiotoksičnosti i embriotoksičnosti kod ježinaca, gdje je ispitan negativan utjecaj ovisno o koncentraciji navedenih nanočestica. Na staničnoj razini kod mikroalge istražena je lipidna peroksidacija te aktivnost enzima glutation S–transferaze (GST), katalaze (CAT) i superoksid dismutaze (SOD). Kod dagnje je određena i razina metalotioneina (MT) u probavnoj žlijezdi te aktivnost acetikolinesteraze (AChE), a kod ježinaca test citogenotoksičnosti. Ovi testovi su pokazali korelaciju između razine oksidativnog stresa, aktivacije obrambenih mehanizama i fizikalno-kemijskih karakteristika NP. Općenito, ovaj rad je pokazao kako su Cu2ONP najtoksičnije za sve ispitane organizme, što može imati posljedice u svim razvojnim fazama budući da je to oblik NP bakra koji se naširoko koristi u premazima protiv obraštaja.

Abstract (english)

Copper nanoparticles (NP) are used as antimicrobial additives in the textile industry, water purification technology and anti-fouling coatings. It is their use in such coatings that represents a more direct route for their release into the marine environment where, due to the degradation of the coatings over time, they can affect a wide range of non-target organisms in all life stages, from embryos to adults. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the influence of speciation of copper (CuNP), copper (II) oxide (CuONP) and copper (I) oxide (Cu2ONP) and how abiotic factors such as light intensity, salinity and water pH can effect the stability of NP. The potential toxicity of these materials was tested on selected marine organisms: microalgae Dunaliella salina, mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis and sea urchins Arbacia lixula, Paracentrous lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis. At the whole organism level, photosynthetic efficiency was monitored in D. salina, physiological state in M. galloprovincialis, and impact on fertilisation ability, transmissible damage to offspring and developmental anomalies in the sea urchins, where a negative influence was shown depending on the NP concentration. At the cellular level, lipid peroxidation and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes in microalgae D. salina were determined. Additionally, in M. galloprovincialis, the level of induced metallothionein in the digestive gland and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the gills were determined, while in sea urchins cytogenotoxicity was determined. These tests showed correlation between the level of oxidative stress, the activation of defense mechanisms and the physicochemical properties of NP. Overall, this study demonstrated that Cu2ONP were the most toxic to all organisms, which can have consequences in all developmental stages as this is the form of copper NP widely used in anti-fouling coatings.

• Keywords: nanočestice bakra; Dunaliella salina; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Arbacia lixula; Paracentrous lividus; Sphaerechinus granularis; embrionalni razvoj ježinaca; citogenotoksičnost; biomarkeri oksidativnog stresa
• Keywords (english): copper nanoparticles; Dunaliella salina; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Arbacia lixula; Paracentrous lividus; Sphaerechinus granularis; urchin embryonic development; cytogenotoxicity; biomarkers of oxidative stress
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:663141
• Promotion: 2025
• Project: Number: IP-2018-01-5351; Title: Određivanje fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava i toksičnosti nanočestica srebra, bakra i plastike kao potencijalno štetnih novih materijala u obalnim vodama; Acronym: NANO-EMC2; Leader: Daniel Mark Lyons; Jurisdiction: Croatia; Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost; Funding stream: Research Projects
• Study programme: Title: DOCTORAL STUDY OF OCEANOLOGY; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti u području prirodnih znanosti (doktor/doktorica znanosti u području prirodnih znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 152 str. ; 30 cm
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-01-30 08:16:08