Karakterizacija melanosoma koji sudjeluju u proizvodnji neiridescentnih strukturnih boja u perju ptica (Aves) i njihova detekcija u fosilnom zapisu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Characterization of melanosomes involved in production of non-iridescent structural colors in bird plumage (Aves) and their detection in fossil record
• Author: Frane Babarović
• Mentor: Jakob Vinther (mentor)
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Committee member: Damjan Franjević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Antun Alegro (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Petra Peharec Štefanić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Ivančić Baće (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-04-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Boje u perju ptica su pigmentarne ili strukturne. Strukturne boje proizvode se rasipanjem svijetla na nanostrukturama koje tvore molekule koje grade pero, te se klasificiraju kao iridescentne i ne-iridescentne strukturne boje (NISB). Nanostruktura koja proizvodi boju u NISB je matriks građen od β-keratina i zraka, a ispod kojeg se nalazi sloj melanosoma koji apsorbira nekoherentno raspršeno svijetlo sa sloja iznad. Melanosomi variraju u svom obliku i dokazano je da njihov oblik korelira s bojom ptice. Melanosomi se očuvaju na površini fosila. Oblik melanosoma koji sudjeluju u proizvodnji NISB, te njihova detekcija u fosilnom zapisu još nije istražena. Melanosomi iz recentnih pera su izolirani i njihov oblik je određen. Statističkom analizom uspoređene su mjere duljine i širine ovih melanosome s melanosomima iz ostalih kategorija boja. Rezultati su pokazali preklapanje s kategorijom sive boje. Uzorka nepoznatih melanosoma s površine fosila Eocoracias brachyptera iz nalazišta Messel u Njemačkoj je uspoređen s kategorijama oblika melanosoma. Rekonstrukcija fosila je doprinjela identifikaciji dominacije NSIB u njenom perju. Kako bi se dalje ustvrdila kategorizacija boje, rekonstrukcija ancestralnog stanja je provedena za ovaj fosil, te je u ovom istraživanju ustvrđeno da je životinja bila plava. Metodom transmisijske elektronske mikroskopije objašnjena je važnost veličine ispitivanih melanosoma tokom razvoja pera.

Abstract (english)

The colors in the bird’s feather are pigmentary or structural. Structural colors are produced by the light scattering from nano-arrangements of the molecules that form the feather, and are classified as iridescent and non-iridescent colors structural (NISC). Nanostructures that produces NISC is the matrix made of β-keratin and air, below which is a layer of melanosomes that absorbs non-coherently scattered light from the layer above. The melanosomes preserve on the surface of the fossil, and their shape vary with the color they produce. The shape of the melanosomes in the NISC, and their detection in the fossil record has not yet been researched. The melanosomes from recent feathers are isolated and their shape is determined. Statistical analysis of their length and width showed that they overlap with grey color melanosomes. Sample of unknown melanosomes from the surface of the fossil Eocoracias brachyptera from Messel pit in Germany was compared with the other melanosomes categories. Reconstruction of the fossils combined with ancestral state reconstruction showed that bird was blue. With transmission electron microscopy, the importance of the size of NISC melanosomes was explained from the aspect of the development of the feather.

• Keywords: molekularna paleontologija; razvojna biologija pera; fosilizacija melanosome; ne-iridescentne strukturne boje u perju ptica
• Keywords (english): molecular paleontology; developmental biology of feathers; fosilization of melanosomes; non-iridescent structural colors in bird plumage
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:726513
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra molekularne biologije (magistar/magistra molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-05-26 08:07:40