Biljni uređaji za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
• Author: Laura Ana Jurman
• Mentor: Jasna Hrenović (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

U zaštiti okoliša iznimno je bitno zbrinjavanje otpada i otpadnih voda. Biljni pročistači oponašaju prirodne močvare s ciljem stvaranja uvjeta kojima se pospješuje pročišćavanje otpadnih voda koje kroz njih protječu. Postoje uređaji sa slobodnim vodnim licem koji nalikuju pravim močvarama i uređaji s podpovršinskim tokom koji može biti vertikalan ili horizontalan. Kod uređaja s površinskim tokom na površini uz vodno lice odvijaju se aerobni procesi, dok se pri dnu odvijaju anaerobni. U ovom uređaju dolazi do slabe akumulacije fosfora dok se dušik odstranjuje nitrifikacijom u aerobnom vodenom stupcu i naknadnom denitrifikacijom u anoksičnom sloju na površini podloge. Kod uređaja s vertikalnim podpovršinskim tokom dolazi do otjecanja vode u intervalima, što omogućuje prozračivanje koje je važno za održavanje aerobnih uvjeta razgradnje organske tvari i postizanje potpune nitrifikacije. U uređajima s horizontalnim podpovršinskim tokom prevladavaju anaerobni uvjeti te se odvijaju anoksični procesi te dolazi do redukcije nitrata nastalih tokom denitrifikacije. Patogeni mikroorganizmi najbolje se uklanjaju filtracijom čija moć ovisi o dubini bazena i vrsti ispune. Ako postoji mogućnost preporuča se hibridni uređaj s dvije ili sve tri vrste uređaja, pošto svaki od uređaja ima neke svoje prednosti. Prije ispuštanja otpadnih voda u uređaj potrebno je provesti predtretman čišćenja otpadnih voda gdje se izdvajaju krupnije čestice, suspendirane čestice te masi i ulja. Biljke koje se koriste u ovim uređajima imaju visoku stopu uklanjanja nutrijenata i teških metala, povećavaju biološku raznolikost područja te ne narušavaju estetsku vrijednost krajolika.

Abstract (english)

In environmental protection, a very important role plays the way we treat waste and wastewaters. Constructed wetlands are imitations of natural wetlands that stimulate the environment where the wastewater can be treated and purified. The two main types of constructed wetlands are free water surface wetlands, that look like natural ones, and subsurface flow constructed wetlands with vertical or horizontal water flow. In free water surface wetlands phosphorus retention is low while nitrogen is removed via nitrification in aerobic water column and subsequent denitrification in anoxic layer on the bed surface. In vertical flow constructed wetlands water flows in intervals, which enables aeration that provides aerobic conditions for degradation processes of organic compounds and nitrification. In horizontal flow constructed wetlands anoxic and anaerobic processes prevail, and provide suitable conditions for reduction of nitrate formed during nitrification. Pathogenic microorganisms are removed by filtration that depends on water depth and size of granular medium. Constructed wetlands could be combined in order to achieve a higher treatment effect by using advantages of individual systems. The wastewater should be treated before its arrival to constructed wetlands, bigger particles, suspended solids, oils and grease is isolated. Macrophytes used in wetlands are capable of removing nutrients and heavy metals, increase biodiversity and do not disturb the aesthetic value of the landscape.

• Keywords: pročišćavanje otpadnih voda; biljni pročistači
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:963673
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-09-19 08:44:18