Ekoton staništa u rijekama i jezerima

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Ecotone in rivers and lakes
• Author: Mario Rumišek
• Mentor: Maria Špoljar (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Ekoton je prijelazno područje između susjednih ekoloških sustava koji imaju skup karakterističnih svojstava definiranih međusobnim interakcijama dvaju ekoloških sustava, s izraženim gradijentom jednog ili dva okolišna čimbenika. Ekoton staništa su područja s iznimnom bioraznolikošću, a nalazimo ih u vodenim i kopnenim ekosustavima. U ovom radu analizirani su ekotoni koje nalazimo u slatkovodnim ekosustavima, a to su izvori, sastojine makrofita i estuariji. Izvore obilježavaju stabilni ekološki uvjeti kao što su niske temperature vode i velika zasićenost kisikom, a nastanjuju ih krenobionti, organizmi koji su prilagođeni na specifične ekološke uvjete izvorišnih staništa. Zajednice makrofita imaju značajnu ulogu u održavanju ravnoteže vodenog ekosustava: ugrađuju hranjive tvari u svoju biomasu i smanjuju abundaciju fitoplanktona čime smanjuju eutrofikaciju, povećavaju prozirnost, obogaćuju vodu kisikom te pružaju izvore hrane i zaštitu zooplanktonu od predatora čime znatno povećavaju bioraznolikost staništa u odnosu na staništa bez makrofita. Rub makrofitskih sastojina i pelagijala je poznato ekoton područje sa specifičnim vrstama (npr. Daphnia sp.). Estuarije obilježavaju promjenjivi ekološki uvjeti, s dominantnim gradijentom saliniteta te pripadajućih i karakterističnih biocenoza. Svrstavaju se u najproduktivnije ekosustave zbog velike količine hranjivih tvari koje rijeke donose u obliku detritusa i plime koja sudjeluje u zadržavanju i boljoj iskoristivosti nutrijenata unutar estuarija.

Abstract (english)

Ecotone is a transitional habitat between adjacent ecological systems that have a set of characteristic properties defined by mutual interactions of two ecosystems with a marked gradient of one or two environmental factors. Ecotones are an area of exceptional biodiversity and are found in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The ecotones present in freshwater ecosystems are consider in this survey: springs, macrophytes and estuaries. Springs are characterized by stable ecological conditions, low water temperatures and high oxygen saturation. Spring habitats are mostly inhabited with organisms specifically adapted to the ecological conditions of springs (crenobionts). Macrophytes play a significant role in maintaining the equilibrium of the aquatic ecosystem: nutrients and reducing phytoplankton abundance, reducing eutrophication, increasing transparency and dissolved oxygen concentration as well as providing food sources and zooplankton protection from predators, thus greatly increas the habitat biodiversity. The edge of the macrophytic stands and pelagial is the known eco-area with specific species (eg. Daphnia sp.). Estuaries are characterized by unstable ecological conditions, with a dominant salinity gradient and associated biocenoses. They are included in the most productive ecosystems due to the large amount of nutrients that the rivers bring in the form of detritus and tide that contributes to the retention and better utilization of nutrients within the estuaries.

• Keywords: izvori; makrofiti; estuarij; zooplankton; makrozoobentos
• Keywords (english): Zooplankton; Springs; Macrozoobenthos; Macrophytes; Estuaries
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:914273
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-10-20 11:06:53