Seksualni kanibalizam

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Sexual cannibalism
• Author: Tomislav Gojak
• Mentor: Zoran Tadić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Seksualni kanibalizam je pojava tijekom koje jedinka konzumira kopulacijskog partnera ili neke dijelove njegova tijela, prije, tijekom ili nakon kopulacije. Može se smatrati ekstremnim oblikom spolnog konflikta. Najčešće se pojavljuje u razredu Arachnida, a red Aranea ima najviše vrsta kod kojih je takvo ponašanje zabilježeno. Istraživanja evolucije seksualnog kanibalizma najčešće se fokusiraju na aspekte prehrane, važnost seksualnog dimorfizma i spolnu selekciju. O tim faktorima ovisi hoće li se kanibalizam dogoditi prije ili nakon kopulacije. Time se određuje i kolika je razlika uloženih resursa i dobivene koristi od takvog ponašanja za mužjaka, odnosno ženku. Mužjaci pojedeni prije više nemaju šanse prenijeti svoj genetički materijal, a ženka, iako dobiva hranjiv obrok, također riskira reproduktivni uspjeh, jer može prekinuti prijenos sperme, ili ne primiti spermu uopće. Nakon oplodnje mužjak, iako pojeden i nema više mogućnosti buduće kopulacije, služi kao izvor nutrijenata za buduće potomke već oplođene ženke Seksualni kanibalizam uzrokovao je evoluciju različitih morfoloških osobina i načina ponašanja životinja, te iako je relativno rijetka pojava, ima snažan utjecaj na prirodnu selekciju. Bez obzira na njegovu učestalost unutar vrste važna je selektivna sila, što se očituje razvojem pojava kao što su tehnike udvaranja, oportunističko parenje i spoln dimorfizam, najčešće u mužjaka.

Abstract (english)

Sexual cannibalism is behavior in which one member of the courting or copulating male-female pair consumes the other, before, during or after copulation. It most often occurs in the class Arachnida – order Aranea has the most species in which such behavior was observed. Research on the evolution of sexual cannibalism usually focuses on aspects of the nutrition, the importance of sexual dimorphism and sexual selection. These factors will influence the timing of sexual cannibalism the most – they will determine if sexual cannibalism is going to be precopulatory or postcopulatory. This will determine the trade-off between costs and benefits of the sexual cannibalism for each of the sexes. Males eaten before copulation no longer have the chance to transfer their genetic material. Females, even though they get a nutritious meals, also risks reproductive success, because sexual cannibalism can stop or prevent the transfer of sperm. After fertilization male, although eaten and there is no more future opportunities for copulation, serves as a source of nutrients for future offspring already fertilized females. Sexual cannibalism has caused the evolution of different morphological characteristics and behavior patterns of animals, and although relatively rare, has a strong impact on natural selection. Despite its frequency within a species it is still an important selective force, which caused development of courtship, opportunistic mating and sexual dimorphism, mostly in males.

• Keywords: seksualni kanibalizam
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:637255
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-10-23 09:15:46