Jesu li neandertalci stvarno izumrli?

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Did the neanderthals really go extinct?
• Author: Ivana Glojnarić
• Mentor: Mirjana Kalafatić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Neandertalci su izumrla vrsta roda Homo koja je više od 150000 godina živjela na prostoru Europe i Azije. Bili su niži, robusniji i snažniji u odnosu na današnje ljude, te su imali svijetlu kosu i kožu. Živjeli su na travnjacima, u šumama i špiljama. Znali su se koristiti vatrom, imali su razvijene socijalne odnose i neki niži oblik komunikacije, brinuli su o bolesnima, te pokapali svoje mrtve. Bili su iskusni lovci, pretežno na velike biljojede, s obzirom da im je meso bilo glavni izvor hrane. Postoje brojna nalazišta diljem Europe, a jedno od najvažnijih nalazi se u Hrvatskoj, na brdu Hušnjakovo kod Krapine. Pretpostavlja se da su se neandertalci i moderni ljudi mogli susresti, pri čemu se nagađa da je došlo do međusobnog razmnožavanja, čemu u prilog ide činjenica da je u genomu modernog čovjeka zastupljeno 1-4 % neandertalskih gena. Zadnji neandertalci živjeli su prije 25000 godina na području Gibraltara. U ovom radu izložila sam neke od osnovnih značajki njihove građe i načina života, te sam kroz rad pokušala ukazati na sličnosti i razlike sa modernim čovjekom i na njihove karakteristike koje možemo prepoznati i u današnjim ljudima kao njihovu potencijalnu ostavštinu. Svaka tvrdnja vezana uz neandertalce i danas izaziva polemiku s obzirom da su napravljena mnoga istraživanja od kojih svako ima sve argumente, ali su međusobno proturječna. Neandertalci su kao predmet istraživanja dobro istraženi, no pretpostavlja da se da se prava istina o njima neće nikad saznati zbog manjka kvalitetnih dokaza.

Abstract (english)

Neanderthals are extinct species of the genus Homo. They lived more than 150,000 years on the territory of Europe and Asia. They were smaller, more robust and more strong compared to today's people. They had light hair and skin. They lived on the grasslands, the forests and caves. They used fire, they had developed social relationships and some lower form of communication. They have taken care of the sick and buried their dead members. They were very good hunters, because meat was the main food source. There are numerous sites across Europe, and one of the most important is in Croatia, on the hill Hušnjakovo near Krapina. It is assumed that Neanderthals and modern humans may encounter, and it is speculated that there was a mutual breeding, which is supported by the fact that the genomes of modern humans represented 1-4% Neanderthal genes. Last Neanderthals lived 25000 years ago on the territory of Gibraltar. In this work I presented some of the basic features of their structure and way of life, and I tried to indicate through the work to the similarities and differences with modern humans and their characteristics that can be recognized in today's humans as their potential legacy. Any claim related to Neanderthals still causes controversy since scientists made many studies, each of which has all the arguments, but they are mutually contradictory. Neanderthals were ellresearched, but it is assumed that the real truth about them will never know because of the lack of high quality evidence.

• Keywords: neandertalci
• Keywords (english): neanderthals
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:017056
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-12-06 13:16:46