Introni

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Introns
• Author: Vladimir Zanki
• Mentor: Jasmina Rokov Plavec (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Introni su dijelovi DNA, odnosno RNA, koji se izrezuju iz primarnog transkripta i ne kodiraju za polipeptidni lanac. Izrezivanje može biti katalizirano samim intronom ili pak ribonukleoproteinskim kompleksom, a događa se tijekom transkripcije molekule RNA. Iako su u prošlosti smatrani nepotrebnim dijelovima genoma koji samo zauzimaju dragocjeni prostor unutar DNA, imaju iznimnu ulogu u regulaciji ekspresije gena pomoću alternativnog prekrajanja. U ovom seminarskom radu su prikazani ključni koraci posttranskripcijskih modifikacija preteče molekula mRNA, osnovne karakteristike introna, njihova uloga i načini izrezivanja iz različitih preteča molekula RNA. Uz navedeno, velika pozornost je posvećena mehanizmima alternativnog prekrajanja molekula pred-mRNA koji je jedan od glavnih izvora proteinske raznolikosti eukariotskih organizama. Dio rada posvećen je i mutacijama koje se mogu dogoditi unutar introna, a koje mogu bitno promijeniti osnovno značenje molekule mRNA, kao i bolestima koje pri tome nastaju. I na kraju, prikazane su dvije hipoteze o postanku introna i međusobnim sličnostima i razlikama između introna različitih grupa.

Abstract (english)

Introns are parts of the DNA, and consequently RNA, that are spliced from the primary transcript and do not encode for a polypeptide chain. Splicing can be catalyzed by introns alone or by a ribonucleoprotein complex, and occurs during RNA transcription. Although in the past they were considered unnecessary parts of the genome that are just taking up valuable space inside the DNA they have extraordinary role in the regulation of gene expression by alternative splicing. This thesis presents key steps of posttranscriptional modifications of RNA precursors, basic characteristics of introns, their role and ways of splicing from different RNA precursors. In addition, much attention is devoted to the mechanisms of alternative pre-mRNA splicing which is one of the main sources of protein diversity of eukaryotic organisms. Also, part of the work is devoted to the mutations that can occur within an intron, which may significantly change the basic meaning of the molecule, as well as diseases that have origin in introns. And finally, two hypotheses on the origin of introns are given with mutual similarities and differences between different groups of introns.

• Keywords: introni
• Keywords (english): introns
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:117968
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-12-12 08:42:09