Orijentacija i načini komunikacije među pčelama

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Orientation and types of communication among bees
• Author: Tamara Preininger
• Mentor: Biserka Primc (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Jedan od najfascinantnijih životinjskih svjetova je svijet kukaca, a unutar njega posebno mjesto zauzimaju pčele. Ovaj rad prikazuje i objašnjava načine komunikacije i orijentacije pčela, počevši s biološkim preduvjetima u vidu građe živčanog i osjetilnog sustava, preko raznih oblika komunikacije i orijentacije, do njihove svrhe. Pčele se orijentiraju u prostoru raspoznavanjem raznih orijentira kao što su: stalni objekti (drveća, putevi, zgrade), pozicija Sunca, polarizirano svjetlo i magnetska polja Zemlje. Govoreći o sposobnosti orijentacije pčela, nedvojbeno zaključujemo da im je time osiguran opstanak, neovisno o uvjetima u kojima su se našle. Osim orijentirati se u prirodi, pčele moraju znati prenijeti informacije drugim pčelama u košnici. To čine raznim načinima od kojih su najvažniji: kemijska komunikacija (komunikacija feromonima), komunikacija hranjenjem i komunikacija pokretima tj. poznatim pčelinjim plesom. Razlikujemo dva tipa pčelinjeg plesa: kružni i ples zatkom. Otkriće da pčele imaju takvo kompleksno ponašanje kao što je pčelinji ples je omogućilo dublje istraživanje opažajnog svijeta kod kukaca te poboljšalo razumijevanje njihovog vida i drugih osjetila, osjeta, memorije, orijentacije, učenja i socijalne organizacije. Samim time, ono je model za razumijevanje tih područja i kod drugih kukaca.

Abstract (english)

Bees are one of the most fascinating animals. This paper presents and explains the ways of communication and orientation among bees, starting with the biological requirements in the form of nervous and sensory systems, through various forms of communication and orientation. Bees orient themselves in space in relation with various landmarks such as permanent objects (trees, roads, buildings), the position of the sun, polarized light and magnetic fields of the Earth. Speaking about the ability of orientation of bees, we can conclude that their survival is strongly connected to their ability to orient themselves regardless of the conditions, they might find themselves in. In addition to orient in nature, bees need to know to transfer information to other bees in the hive which consists of various ways of which the most important are: chemical communication (communication using pheromones), communication by feeding (trophallaxis), and communication using movements e.g. dance language (used only by bees). There are two types of dances: round and waggle dance. These dances are used by the bees which found food to tell their nest mates where the source of food is. The importance of the dance language is that it's considered to be the first example of symbolic communication and the best example of such a type of communication (with the exception of human communication). The discovery that the bees can perform such a complex behavior has enabled a deeper study of perceptual world of insects and enhanced the understanding of their vision and other senses, memory, orientation, learning and social organizations. Therefore, it represents a model for understanding these areas among other insects also.

• Keywords: pčele; komunikacija pčela; orijentacija pčela
• Keywords (english): bees; communication among bees; orientation among bees
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:770027
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-12-15 13:57:17