Uloga simbioze u evoluciji

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The role of symbiosis in the evolution
• Author: Kora Dvorski
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Simbioza je udruženje dvije ili više različitih vrsta organizama. S obzirom na utjecaj na organizme koje uključuje može se podijeliti u tri kategorije: mutualizam, komenzalizam i parazitizam. U prirodi su simbiotski odnosi česti i u njih ulaze organizmi svih domena (uključujući i viruse) - arheje, eubakterije i pripadnici svih carstava eukariota. Prve ideje o simbiozi predstavio je švicarski botaničar Simon Schwendener u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća na temelju proučavanja lišajeva. Simbiozu je prvi definirao Heinrich Anton de Bary kao pojavu u kojoj različiti organizmi žive zajedno. Početkom 20. stoljeća razvila se svijest o važnosti simbioze u evoluciji te o utjecaju koevolucije različitih organizama na njihovu specijaciju i koadaptaciju. U simbiozi različiti organizmi međusobno djeluju osiguravajući jedan drugome stanište, ekološku nišu, izvor nutrijenata i reprodukciju te ostvaruju nove metaboličke funkcije, morfološka svojstva i bihevioralne osobine. Rezultati toga su evolucijski napreci koje samostalne jedinke ne bi mogle postići. Tako je mikoriza, simbioza gljiva s korijenjem biljaka, omogućila izlazak biljnih organizama na kopno, ključan za razvoj života kakav danas poznajemo. U simbiozi osobine jedne jedinke često nadomještaju nedostatke one druge. Najbolji primjer za to je da je život neobičnog dubokomorskog cjevaša, s potpunim nedostatkom probavnog sustava, omogućen u ekstremnim uvjetima dubokomorskih hidrotermalnih izvora zbog simbioze sa sumpor-oksidirajućim kemosintetskim bakterijama.

Abstract (english)

Symbiosis is an association of two or more different species. Considering the impact on the organisms it includes, symbiosis can be divided into three categories: mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. Symbiotic relationships are common and they cover all domains of organisms (including viruses) - archaea, eubacteria and all kingdoms of eukaryotes. The first idea of symbiosis was presented by the Swiss botanist Simon Schwendener in the second half of the 19th century, based on the study of lichens. Symbiosis was first defined by Heinrich Anton de Bary as a phenomenon of different organisms living together. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists became aware of the importance of symbiosis in evolution and the influence coevolution had on speciation and coadaptation of different organisms. In symbiosis, different organisms provide each other habitat, ecological niche, nutrients or reproduction and they generate new metabolic functions, morphological characteristics and behavioral traits. The result is evolutionary progress that independent individuals could not achieve. In such a way, mycorrhiza, a symbiosis of fungi with plant roots, enabled the colonization of terrestrial habitat by plants, which is essential for life as we know it. In symbiosis, the features of one species often cover the deficiencies of the other. The best example for that is the life of an unusual tubeworm, which lacks a digestive system, that was enabled in extreme habitat of deep-sea hydrothermal vents due to its symbiosis with sulfur-oxidizing chemosynthetic bacteria.

• Keywords: simbioza
• Keywords (english): symbiosis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:017107
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-02 09:15:33