Utjecaj klimatskih promjena na rasprostranjenost vretenca

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Climate change impact on distribution of dragonflies and damselflies
• Author: Ivana Grgić
• Mentor: Zlatko Mihaljević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Ubrzano povišenje prosječne temperature na Zemlji započelo je usporedno s industrijskom revolucijom, a dovelo je do čitavog niza promjena koje nazivamo klimatskim promjenama. Posljednjih desetljeća svjedoci smo sve češćih ekstremnih događaja poput suša, poplava ili požara. Takve pojave uzrokuju nestanak ili smanjivanje određenog tipa staništa što u mnogim slučajevima dovodi do izumiranja stenovalentnih vrsta. Najčešći odgovor životinja na promjene u okolišu uzrokovane promjenama klime su promjene područja rasprostranjenosti. Zahvaljujući dugoj tradiciji proučavanja njihove biologije, vretenca su jedna od bolje istraženih skupina životinja, te je moguće pratiti promjene areala pojedinih vrsta i donijeti zaključke o obrascima takvih promjena. Zbog svoje mobilnosti lako osvajaju nova staništa te pružaju dobar primjer pomicanja areala pod utjecajem klimatskih promjena.Vrste toplijih staništa u pravilu se pomiču prema polovima, vrste nižih nadmosrkih visina pomiču se na više nadmorske visine te tako potiskuju stenotermne vrste hladnijih staništa, što u konačnici može dovesti do izumiranja tih vrsta. Na većini istraživanih područja zabilježeno je povećanje broja euritermnih vrsta a smanjenje broja stenotermnih vrsta koje preferiraju niže temperature, što je najvjerojatnije posljedica kompeticije i degradacije staništa. Prvo širenje areala uočeno je kod sjevernoafričke euritermne vrste Crocothemis erythraea koja danas ima stabilne i stalne populacije na sjeveru Europe (Belgija i Velika Britanija). Neke vrste (pr. Anax parthenope i Sympetrum fonscolombii) putuju na zračnim strujama toplog i suhog južnog vjetra kojim mogu biti nošene na velike udaljenosti te na taj način brzo koloniziraju nova povoljna staništa. Pomicanje areala značajno utječe na bioraznolikost i strukturu životnih zajednica te povećava selekcijski pritisak koji u dužem vremenskom periodu dovodi do evolucijskih promjena.

Abstract (english)

Rapid increase of average temperature on the Earth started at the same time with the industrial revolution, and has led to a series of changes called climate change. In the last decades we have witnessed more and more frequent catastrophic events such as droughts, floods and fires. These events cause decrease in size or even loss of specific habitat types, which in many cases results in the extinction of stenovalent species. The most common way the organisms respond to the environmental changes caused by climate change, is in shifting their distribution. Due to the long tradition in studying Odonata, dragonflies and damselflies are among the better known animal group. Therefore, it is possible to monitor shifts in distribution of certain species and make conclusions about the patterns of such changes. Due to their mobility, dragonflies can easily colonize new habitats, and thus provide a good example of areal expansion under the influence of climate change. Species from warmer habitats usually move poleward, species living at lower altitudes move to higher altitudes and consequently suppress cold stenothermal species, which can finally lead to the extinction of these species. A number of studies have recorded an increase in the number of eurytherm species and a decrease in the number of species which prefer lower temperatures (stenotherm species), which is most probably a result of competition and habitat degradation. The first areal dragonfly expansion was recorded in Northern African eurytherm species Crocothemis erythraea, that nowadays has stable and permanent populations in the Northern Europe (Belgium and Great Britain). Some species (e.g. Anax parthenope and Sympetrum fonscolombii) can colonize new favorable habitats by travelling on air currents of the warm and dry southern wind, which can carry them long distances. Distribution changes (areal shifts) have a significant impact on biodiversity and community structure, but they also increase selection pressure, which in the long run, could lead to evolutionary changes.

• Keywords: klimatske promjene; vretenca
• Keywords (english): climate change; dragonflies
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:130505
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-02 10:22:44