Posttranslacijske modifikacije proteina kloroplasta

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Posttranslational modifications of chloroplast proteins
• Author: Janja Kopić
• Mentor: Biljana Balen (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Posttranslacijske modifikacije su modifikacije proteina na koje se tijekom sinteze ili nakon nje dodaju određene funkcionalne skupine kako bi se proteinima odredilo odredište i/ili uloga u stanici. Nakon translacije ove modifikacije proširuju raspon funkcija proteina, nakon vezanja drugih biokemijskih funkcionalnih skupina kao što su acetati, fosfati, ugljikohidrati i dr. a samim time se mijenja kemijska priroda aminokiselina. U proteinima kloroplasta ove modifikacije su značajne jer imaju važne uloge u procesu fotosinteze, u unošenju proteina u kloroplast kroz plastidnu ovojnicu te u odgovorima na različite stresne uvjete. Ovaj rad iznosi kratki pregled posttranslacijskih modifikacija koje se pojavljuju u biljnim organizmima. Neke od njih su: fosforilacija, acetilacija, metilacija, nitracija i nitrozilacija, glikolizacija te sumoilacija. Opisana su njihova svojstva, kemijski mehanizam vezanja, važnost kod staničnog signaliziranja i navedeni su neki fiziološki učinci proizašli djelovanjem ovih PTM.

Abstract (english)

Posttranslational modifications are changes on proteins, which occur during protein synthesis or afterwards by adding certain functional groups, in order to determine their final destination and/or their role in the cell. After translation, these modifications extend the range of functions of the protein, upon binding of the other biochemical functional groups such as acetates, phosphates, carbohydrates, etc., and thus changing the chemical nature of the amino acids. PTMs of chloroplast proteins are significant because they play important roles in the process of photosynthesis, in protein transport to chloroplasts over the plastid envelope as well as in responses to the various stressful environmental conditions. This work is a brief overview of types of posttranslational modifications that occur in the plant organism. Some of them are: phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, nitration and nitrosylation, glycosylation and sumoylation. Here are described their properties, chemical binding mechanism, the importance at cell signalling and listed some of physiological effects which are result of these PTM actions.

• Keywords: posttranslacijske modifikacije; proteini kloroplasta
• Keywords (english): posttranslational modifications; chloroplast proteins
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:793441
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-03 08:55:51