Rad na visokom tlaku i životinjski modeli prilagođeni na visoki tlak

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Work on high pressure and animal models adjusted to high pressure
• Author: Anja Eloise Livaić
• Mentor: Duje Lisičić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Sa porastom dubine raste tlak, a plinovi se tlače na manji volumen. U tim uvjetima se u tijelu čovjeka javljaju razne komplikacije. U dubinama dušik ima narkotično djelovanje, kisik pogubno djeluje na živčani sustav, a ugljični dioksid kod neispravne ronilačke opreme izaziva narkozu i anesteziju. Ako ronilac u moru provede toliko vremena da se u njegovu tijelu stignu otopiti velike količine dušika, a zatim naglo izroni na površinu u tjelesnim tekućinama se stvara velika količina dušičnih mjehurića. Oni izazivaju razna oštećenja i ovu pojavu zovemo dekompresijskom bolesti. Kod ljudi se ona javlja već na 10-20m dubine, no postoje organizmi koji su cijelu svoju fiziologiju prilagodili životu u dubinama. Primjer je Vedelova foka koja ima prilagodbe koje joj omogućavaju da zaranja do čak 600 m. Tijekom ronjenja njezina pluća nisu u funkciji, pa većina dušika iz pluća ne uđe u krvotok. Time je spriječen nastanak mjehurića i embolije. Osim toga, foke imaju veliku količinu hemogobina i mioglobina, kontroliraju dotok krvi u različite organe ovisno o njihovoj potrebi za kisikom te nemaju rezidualni volumen u plućima. Pitanje je kako bi se u usporedbi sa ovim modelom i ljudi mogli bolje prilagoditi na život u dubinama. Proučavanjem fiziologije ronjenja kopnenih sisavaca utvrđeno je da postoji „odgovor na ronjenje“. To je automatska pojava promjene toka krvi i smanjenih otkucaja srca kako bi se osiguralo da su srce i mozak neprestano opskrbljeni kisikom. Uz to se tijekom ronjenja dijafragma izboči prema gore, plućne krvne žile se začepe i poveća se promjer srca.

Abstract (english)

With increase of depth pressure increase too and gasses are compressed. Gases at elevated pressure can disturb normal functions of organism. Nitrogen has narcotic effect, oxygen has detrimental effect on the nerves and carbon dioxide in case of damaged diving equipment can cause narcosis and anesthesia. If diver spend so much time in sea that large amounts of nitrogen are dissolved, and than suddenly emerge to the surface nitrogen create a lare number of bubbles in body fluids - decompression disease. In humas this can happen at the depths of 10-20 meters, but there are organisms which are adjusted to life in depths. Weddel seal has adjustments that help her to dive very deep (600 meters) without complications. During the dive their lungs are not in function so most nitrogen don't enters the blood circulation. This prevent occurrence of bubbles. Seals also have a large amount of mioglobin and hemoglobin, they can control blood supply in organs, and they don't have residual volume in lungs. The question is how we can apply this knowledge on humans so that people can better adjust to life in great depths. While studing phisiology of diving in humans it's find out that there is „answer to dive“ - change in blood flow and reduction in heart rate. As a result, brain and heart are constantliy supplied whit oxygen. Also, during the dive diaphragm becomes convex, pulmonary arteries are clogged and diameter of the herat is increased. These adjustments can be improved during the practise.

• Keywords: visoki tlak; život u dubinama
• Keywords (english): high pressure; life in great depths
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:662225
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-03 09:34:25