Metabolizam bjelančevina i otrovnost amonijaka, otpornost na amonijak u tijelu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Protein metabolism and ammonia toxicity, ammonia tolerance
• Author: Marin Matić
• Mentor: Duje Lisičić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

U ovom radu dan je pregled metabolizma amonijaka, njegova izlučivanja te detoksifikacije u ljudskom tijelu. Opisane su bolesti koje uzrokuje povećanje koncentracije amonijaka. Bolesti se nazivaju hiperamonemije. Primjer takve bolesti koju uzrokuje zatajenje jetre je jetrena encefalopatija kod koje visoke koncentracije amonijaka mogu dovesti moždanog edema zbog oticanja astrocita. Napravljen je pregled životinjskih modela koji bi se mogli koristiti u istraživanju hiperamonemija. Najbolje opisani model su ribe. Ribe imaju šest strategija za detoksifikaciju amonijaka od koji su strategija tri i šest ključne jer se mogu usporediti s mehanizmima djelovanja amonijaka kod sisavaca, a tiču se sinteze glutamina i adaptacija na razini stanica. Osim riba moguć model su i medvjedi u hibernaciji. Oni recikliraju ureju bez da proizvode amonijak preko sinteze novih bjelančevina. U regulaciju je vjerojatno uključen sirtuin. Nova metoda liječenja hiperamonemije je promjena mikrobioma u crijevima domaćina s mikrobiomom koji ima smanjeno djelovanje bakterijskih ureaza. Bakterijske ureaze mogu razgraditi ureju u crijevima i tako povećati koncentraciju amonijaka. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja navedenih prirodnih životinjskih modela kako bi se omogućili bolji tretmani i smanjila smrtnost zbog neuroloških problema koje stvara hiperamonemija.

Abstract (english)

This paper gives an overview of the metabolism of ammonia, its excretion and detoxification in the human body. Diseases that cause an increase in ammonia concentration are called hyperammonemias. An example of such a disease caused by liver failure is hepatic encephalopathy in which high concentrations of ammonia can cause brain edema due to swelling of astrocytes. A review of animal models that could be used in research of hyperammonemias is given. Best described animal model is the fish model. Fish have six strategies for detoxification of ammonia of which strategies three and six are crucial because they can be compared with the mechanisms of action of ammonia in mammals, related to the synthesis of glutamine and adaptation at the cellular level. In addition to fish other possible animal model are bears in hibernation. They recycle urea without production of ammonia through synthesis of new proteins. Sirtuin is likely involved in the regulation. A new method of treating hyperammonemia is to change host gut microbiome to microbiome which has reduced action of bacterial urease. Bacterial urease can degrade urea in the intestine and thus increase the concentration of ammonia. Further research of mentioned natural animal models is necessary to enable better treatments and reduce mortality due to neurological problems that hyperammonaemias create.

• Keywords: amonijak; hiperamonemija
• Keywords (english): ammonia; hyperammonaemias
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:286694
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-03 09:43:59