Arterioskleroza kod sisavaca i ribe kao prirodni model za arteriosklerozu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Arteriosclerosis in mammals and fishes as natural model for arteriosclerosis
• Author: Dina Šimunić
• Mentor: Duje Lisičić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Arterioskleroza je bolest krvožilnog sustava, a obuhvaća sve oblike zadebljanja stijenki krvnih žila i gubitak njihove elastičnosti. Postoje 3 glavna tipa arterioskleroze: ateroskleroza koja je ujedno i najčešći tip, Möckenbergova arterioskleroza i arterioloskleroza. Zdrave arterije se sastoje od 3 sloja: unutarnjeg (tunica intima), srednji (tunica media) i vanjski (tunica adventitia). Arterioskleroza i ateroskleroza razlikuju se po mjestu nastanka bolesti unutar krvne žile. U slučaju ateroskleroze javlja se upalna reakcija. Uključuju se i aktiviraju T-stanice i makrofagi, stanice glatkog mišićnog tkiva proliferiraju i migriraju, a u konačnici dolazi i do disfunkcije endotela. Za razliku od toga, kod arterioskleroze su najviše pogođene stanice glatkog mišićnog tkiva, a stanice imunološkog sustava ne igraju veliku ulogu. Kada bolest napreduje do krajnjih stadija u kojima su žile već jako sužene, nakupine na stijenkama se mogu odvojiti i stvara se ugrušak koji putuje krvlju. Ako dođe do srca ili mozga može uzrokovati teška oštećenja koja nerjetko završavaju smrću. Arterioskleroza se već dugo proučava i istražuje, prvenstveno iz razloga što ne postoji univerzalna metoda liječenja. Kod blažih oblika bolesti oboljelima se preporučuje zdrava prehrana, puno tjelesne aktivnosti, izbjegavanje pušenja i alkohola, a mogu im se prepisati i razni lijekovi koji ublažavaju trenutno stanje. Za istraživanje i proučavanje nastanka, razvoja i regresije bolesti koriste se prirodni životinjski modeli. Najčešće među njima su ribe, a također su dobri i miševi, zečevi, svinje i nečovjekoliki primati.

Abstract (english)

Arteriosclerosis is a disease of cardiovascular system and involves any type of thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall. There are three main types: atherosclerosis (the most common type), Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis. Healthy arteria consist out of 3 layers: inner layer (tunica intima), middle layer (tunica media) and outer layer (tunica adventitia). Arteriosclerosis differs from atherosclerosis by position of disease development inside of the arterial wall. Only in atherosclerosis an inflammatory processes occur. It comes to activation of T-cells and macrophages, smooth muscle cells proliferate and migrate, and in the end it comes to endothelium disfunction. On the other hand smooth muscle cells are affected mostly by artheriosclerosis, weather immune system cells do not play an important role. When disease comes to the end stage where vessels are completely narrowed, lipid clusters on the arteria walls can come off and create blood clots. If the clot comes to the heart or the brain, it can cause severe damage and even death. Arteriosclerosis is being studied for a long time, mostly because there is no general treatment. If the condition is not that severe pacients are recomended to eat healthy, be physically active, avoid smoking and drinking and sometimes take drugs which can help maintain current stage and stop progression of the disease. For studying disease initiation, development and regression natural animal models are frequently used. The most common among them are fishes, but mice, rabbits, pigs and non-human primates are also very good.

• Keywords: arterioskleroza
• Keywords (english): arteriosclerosis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:095010
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-04 09:58:24