Vrste i značenje simbioza u biljaka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Types and the importance of symbioses in plants
• Author: Sonja Jaman
• Mentor: Željka Vidaković Cifrek (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2009, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Simbioza u užem smislu označava zajednicu dva organizma od koje oba imaju koristi. U biljaka je simbioza s mikroorganizmima u tlu izrazito značajna kao jedan od mehanizama koji im omogućava opstanak u uvjetima manjka vode i nekih mineralnih tvari. Dva su najbitnija tipa simbioze u biljaka, mikoriza i simbioza s dušik-fiksirajućim mikroorganizmima. Mikoriza je zajednica biljaka s gljivama u tlu koja im omogućava bolju opskrbu vodom i mineralnim tvarima, posebice fosforom. Gljive od biljke preuzimaju organske spojeve koje same nisu sposobne sintetizirati. Istu korist od biljaka imaju i dušik-fiksirajući mikroorganizmi, no njihova zadaća je preraditi atmosferski dušik u spojeve koje biljka može primiti. Mikroorganizmi, osim biljci s kojom su u simbiozi, posredno koriste i biljkama u okolici. Hife gljiva poboljšavaju sposobnost zadržavanja vode u tlu, a dušik-fiksirajuće bakterije obogaćuju tlo dušikovim spojevima koje mogu koristiti druge biljke. Važnost simbioza u biljaka je prepoznata i već su razvijene mnoge metode i postupci u kojima se simbiotski mikroorganizmi koriste za poboljšanje prirasta biljaka u poljoprivredi, cvjećarstvu, šumarstvu i sličnim djelatnostima. Razvitkom novih metoda uzgoja tih organizama i daljnjim istraživanjem pojedinog tipa simbioze može se znatno pridonijeti uzgoju biljnih vrsta koje koristi čovjek, ali i očuvanju biljnih populacija na područjima koja su inače nepovoljna za život određenih vrsta biljaka.

Abstract (english)

Symbiosis is defined as an association between two organisms which is beneficial for both of them. Plant symbiosis with soil microorganisms is extremely important for plants as one of the mechanisms that enables them to survive under extreme conditions, such as low water and mineral content in the soil. There are two most important types of plant symbioses: mycorrhiza and symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Mycorrhiza is an association between plants and soil fungi which enables more efficient water and nutrient uptake for the plant. Fungi are supplied with organic compounds which they cannot synthesize themselves. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms also use organic compounds synthesized by plant, but their main task is conversion of molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere into compounds that can be used by plant. Symbiotic microorganisms can also be beneficial to other plants in the environment, not strictly for the ones with which they form symbiosis. Fungal hyphae improve soil capacity for retaining water and nitrogen-fixing bacteria enrich the soil with nitrogen compounds, making them available for the other plants. The importance of plant symbioses is well known and there are already many methods and procedures developed for the improvement of plant growth using microorganisms, for example in agriculture, floristry, wood industry etc. Further research of each type of symbiosis in order to improve methods of microorganism cultivation can significantly increase cultivation of many useful plant species, and the preservation of plant populations in areas that are otherwise unfavorable for certain plants species.

• Keywords: simbioza; simbioza u biljaka
• Keywords (english): symbiosis; symbioses in plants
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:688214
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-03-12 09:49:59