Bolesti štitnjače

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The thyroid diseases
• Author: Dijana Stanić
• Mentor: Dubravka Hranilović (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2009, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Štitnjača je endokrina žlijezda tj. žlijezda s unutrašnjim lučenjem hormona. Hormoni štitnjače su tiroksin (T4) i trijodtironin (T3). Utječu na sva tkiva u organizmu i o njima ovisi pravilna funkcija svih organa u tijelu. Bolesna štitnjača može lučiti previše hormona T4 i T3, tada nastupa hipertireoza, tj. ubrzan rad štitnjače. Kad štitnjača luči premalo hormona T4 i T3 dolazi do hipotireoze, usporenog rada štitnjače. Najteža komplikacija hipotireoze je miksedemska koma. Tkiva mogu biti i rezistentna na hormone štitnjače, što uzrokuje hipotireozu. Hipertireoza se najčešće manifestira kao Gravesova bolest, toksična čvorasta guša ili sekundarna hipertireoza. Tireotoksična kriza je najteža, po život opasna, komplikacija hipertireoze koja se pojavljuje naglo. Guša (netoksična guša ili struma) podrazumijeva sve oblike povećanja štitnjače, bez obzira na uzrok i terapijske postupke koji su različiti u raznim oblicima strume. Guša nastaje kada jedan ili više čimbenika smanji sposobnost štitnjače da stvara i luči dovoljnu količinu hormona za zadovoljavanje potreba perifernih tkiva. Endemska gušavost je generalizirano ili lokalizirano povećanje štitnjače u više od 10% populacije, a uzrokuje je jedan ili više čimbenika karakterističnih za određeno zemljopisno područje. Nedostatak joda je najčešći uzrok ali ima i drugih čimbenika. Sporadična gušavost označava povećanje štitnjače u neendemskom području. Toksična multinodozna guša može biti posljedica dugotrajne jednostavne gušavosti u endemskim krajevima dok se u neendemskim može teško ustanoviti. Toksični adenom je sličan multinodularnoj toksičnoj strumi ali se radi samo o jednom čvoru koji je uzročnik hipertireoze. Akutna upala, subakutni i kronični Hashimotov tireoditis su najčešće upale štitnjače. Tumori štitnjače mogu biti dobroćudni i zloćudni.

Abstract (english)

Thyroid is an endocrine gland with internal excretion of its hormones. Thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) i triiodothyronine (T3). They affect all body tissues and they have an important role in regular function of all organs in the body. Disfunctional thyroid can excrete too much hormones T4 i T3, so the hyperthyreoidism occurs (that is a state in which thyroid metabolism is enhanced). When the thyroid excretes less T4 i T3 hormones than normally, the hypothyreoidism occurs. The worst complication of hypothyreoidism is a myxedema coma. Body tissues can also be resistant to thyroid hormones and that causes the hypothyreoidism. The hyperthyreoidism is generally manifested as Graves' disease, toxic nodule goiter or secondary hyperthyreoidism. Thyreotoxic crisis is the hardest complication of hyperthyreoidism which occurs suddenly. Goiter (nontoxic one) includes all types of thyroid's growth, regardless of the cause of the growth or therapy procedures which are different for different types of goiter. Goiter occurs when one or more factors decrease the thyroid's ability to produce and excrete enough hormones. Endemic goiter is generalized or localized growth of the thyroid in more of the 10% of the population. It is caused by one or more factors typical for a certain geographic area. The common reason is iodine deficiency but there are also other factors. Sporadic goiter is the thyroid growth in non-endemic area. Toxic multinodular goiter can be a consequence of a long-term simple goiter in endemic areas, while in non-endemic areas it is hardly detected. Toxic adenoma is similar to multinodular toxic goiter, but in this case there is a single node that causes hyperthyreoidism. Acute abscess, subacute and chronic Hashimoto's thyreoiditis are the most common thyroid abscesses. Thyroid tumors can be malignant or benign tumors.

• Keywords: štitnjača; bolesti štitnjače
• Keywords (english): thyroid; thyroid diseases
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:220037
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-03-16 12:28:44