Fiziologija eholokacije u šišmiša

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Physiology of echolocation in bats
• Author: Vida Zrnčić
• Mentor: Zoran Tadić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2009, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Svi šišmiši skupine Microchiroptera i samo jedan rod skupine Megachiroptera evolucijom su razvili složeni sustav eholokacije koji im služi pri hvatanju plijena, pri snalaženju u prostoru te za komunikaciju i navigaciju. Šišmiši skupine Microchiroptera proizvode zvuk za eholokaciju u vrlo kratkim pulsevima visoke frekvencije na glasnicama u grkljanu, a ispuštaju ga kroz usta ili nos prilagođenih za tu svrhu. Šišmiši skupine Megachiroptera zvuk za eholokaciju proizvode pucketanjem jezika. Jeku, u pravilu vrlo malog intenziteta zvuka, svi šišmiši registriraju osjetljivim sluhom. Da ne bi oštetili organe osjetljivog sluha glasnim zvukovima visokih frekvencija koje moraju proizvoditi, šišmiši su razvili zaštitni sustav. Taj se sustav temelji na isključivanju stremana iz slušnog sustava za vrijeme proizvodnje eholokacijskih pulseva zvuka i na uključivanju stremena u slušni sustav u vrijeme između eholokacijskih pulseva kada se i registriraju jeke. Jeke se pretvaraju u električne impulse koji putuju slušnim živcem do srednjeg mozga na predobradu i na kraju do slušne regije kore velikog mozga na završnu analizu.

Abstract (english)

All bats in subclass Microchiorptera and only one genera in subclass Megachiroptera have developed complex system for echolocation through the evolution. Echolocation is used for catching their prey, for and for communication and navigation. Bats in subclass Microchiroptera generate echolocation calls in very short pulses with high frequency. Calls generated in glottis in larynx are then emitted through their mouths or through nose which are modulated especially for that purpose. Low intensity echoes are registered by all bats with very sensitive auricular system. In their auricular system bats have developed special way of protecting auditory organs from high frequency calls they emit. At the time of generating echolocation calls stapes is removed away from oval window in auditory system. After generating calls it is returned back on its original place and the bat can hear echoes between echolocation pulses. The echo is converted into electrical impulses which than travel along auricular nerve all the way to the middle brain. After being preprocessed, impulses continue to travel into the auditory cortex for the final analysis.

• Keywords: šišmiši; eholokacija
• Keywords (english): bats; echolocation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:847462
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-03-20 13:08:32