Značajke reda Cetacea (kitovi) i uzroci njihove ugroženosti u Jadranu

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Characteristics of order Cetacea (whales) and causes of their vulnerability in the Adriatic Sea
• Author: Jelena Babić
• Mentor: Davor Zanella (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2011, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Kitovi (Cetacea) su jedini sisavci koji su prilagodili život u potpunosti u vodi. Ima ih više od 80 vrsta, a neke nastanjuju osim mora i rijeke. Dijele se na dva podreda: kitove zubane (Odontoceti) i usane (Mysticeti). Evoluirali su iz terestričkih životinja i tijekom evolucije znatno se prilagođavali životu u vodi. Nemaju stražnje udove, prednji udovi su im peraje i kralježnica se produžila u mišićnu repnu peraju. Prilagodili su i disanje da bi mogli duže roniti, a i koriste se eholokacijom za snalažanje u prostoru i za traženje plijena. Također razmnožavanje su u potpunosti prilagodili trodimenzionalnom prostoru u kojem žive. Ekologija kitova opisuje odnose između kitova i njihovog fizičkog i biološkog okoliša, uključujući i interakciju sa plijenom i predatorima. U prošlosti su bili veoma ugroženi zbog pretjeranog izlova, no danas su se mnoge vrste relativno oporavile zbog regulative koje je donijela Svjetska komisija za kitolov (IWC), čija je zemlja članica i Republika Hrvatska od 2007. godine. Jadransko more redovito nastanjuje jedna vrsta kita – dobri dupin (Tursiops truncatus), ali ga redovito posjećuju druge vrste kitova. Dupinima je život najviše ugrožen radi utapanja u ribarskim mrežama, ali i zbog onečišćenja okoliša, buke brodova i klimatskih promjena. Posebno se dupini motre u creso-lošinjskom arhipelagu koji je trebao biti proglašen rezervatom. Tako bi Hrvatska ispunila dio obaveza iz ACCOBAMS sporazuma koji je potpisala 1996. godine. Kitovi su važan dio ekosustava i treba sve učiniti da bi se upoznao njihov život i da bi ih se zaštitilo.

Abstract (english)

Whales (Cetacea) are the only mammals that have adapted to living in the water. There are more than 80 species, and some inhabit rivers. There are two suborders: toothed whales (Odontoceti) and baleen whales (Mysticeti). They evolved from terrestrial animals and during evolution significantly adjusted to life in the water. They don't have back limbs, and front limbs are transformed in fins, spine is extended into muscle caudal fin. They adapted breathing to be able to dive longer and they are using echolocation for navigation and locating their pray. Also reproduction is adapted to three-dimensional space in which they live. Cetacean ecology describes the relationships between cetaceans and their physical and biological enviroment, including their interactions with their pray and predators. In past thay were endangered because of overfishing whales, but today are many species recovered due to regulations by International Whaling Commission (IWC), whose member is the Republic of Croatia since 2007. Adriatic Sea inhabits one species of cetaceans – common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), but it is frequently visited by other cetacean species. Dolphins are the endangered species because of drowning in the fishing nets, but also because of enviromental pollution, boat noises and climate changes. Dolphins are monitored around Cres Island and Lošinj Island. This archipelago is suposed to be declared a special reservation. In that way, Croatia would fulfill part of it's obligations to the ACCOBAMS agreement signed in the 1996. Cetaceans are an important part of the ecosystem and it is important to introduce their lifes to protect them.

• Keywords: kitovi; Cetacea; ugroženost kitova; Jadransko more
• Keywords (english): whales; Cetacea; vulnerability of whales; Adriatic Sea
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:862859
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-04 12:01:08