Raznolikost i uloga mikroba u intestinalnom traktu čovjeka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Diversity and role of microbes in the human intestinal tract
• Author: Nikolina Bolf
• Mentor: Dijana Škorić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2011, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Bakterije su jednostanični organizmi koji nemaju jezgru i organele te se ubrajaju u prokariote. U intestinalnom traktu prevladavaju anaerobne bakterije s obzirom da nema mnogo kisika. U prvom dijelu navedenih istraživanja proučavan je mikrobiom usne šupljine. Provođena je analiza 1179 svojti koje su identificirane po svojoj sekvenci za 16S rRNA s ciljem da se unesu u bazu podataka usnog mikrobioma pod nazivom HOMD. Zatim su prikazana istraživanja mikrobioma fekalnih uzoraka ženskog dojenčeta. S obzirom na tretiranje djeteta, u različite dane se pojavljuju različite skupine bakterija. Mikrobni sastav u intestinalnom traktu također znatno ovisi o prehrambenim navikama. U trećem dijelu prikazanih istraživanja analizirana je bakterijska raznolikost u fekalnim uzorcima djece iz ruralnog sela Afrike i urbanog središta Europe. S obzirom na različite prehrambene navike pronađene su različite skupine bakterija u dvije populacije, no u obje populacije četiri najzastupljenije bakterijske skupine su: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes i Proteobacteria. U zadnjem djelu prikazanih istraživanja proučeno je kako crijevni mikrobiom utječe na razvoj mozga, njegove funkcije i ponašanje u dvije vrste miševa (GF i SPF). Pronađene su znatne razlike između dvije skupine miševa kao što je kretanje, zatim razlike u razini noradrenalina, dopamina, 5-HT-a, sinaptofisina, PSD- 95 i slično.

Abstract (english)

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus and organelles and hence are classified as the prokaryotes. The human intestinal tract is dominated by anaerobic bacteria since there is not much oxygen. The first of the reviewed studies investigated the oral microbiomes. The analysis of 1179 species that are identified by their 16S rRNA sequences in order to be entered into a database called Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). The second study presented here investigates fecal samples microbiomes of a female infant. Depending on a treatment of the child, different groups of bacteria appear sequentially on daily basis. The microbial composition of the intestinal tract is also highly dependent on dietary habits. In the third rewieved study fecal samples from children in rural villages in Africa and urban centers of Europe were comparated regarding the microbe diversity. Different dietary habits in two populations of children affected their microbe diversity, but both populations contain the four most common groups of bacteria, namely: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The last reviewed paper brings research on how intestinal microbiome affects the developing brain, its function and behavior in germfree (GF) and pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Significant differences in motor abilities, noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-HT, synaptophysin and PSD-95 levels were found between the two groups of mice.

• Keywords: intestinalni trakt čovjeka; bakterije
• Keywords (english): human intestinal tract; bacteria
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:462605
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-05 09:09:30