Partenogneza vs spolno razmnožavanje

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Parthenogenesis vs sexual reproduction
• Author: Silvija Jakopović
• Mentor: Biserka Primc (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2011, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Razmnožavanje je osnovna funkcija svih organizama i sav živi svijet koji nas okružuje rezultat je razmnožavanja. Bilo da se radi o spolnom ili nespolnom načinu razmnožavanja, cilj je uvijek isti: stvoriti potomstvo i na taj način osigurati nastavak svoje vrste. Spolno razmnožavanje i partenogeneza imaju svoje prednosti i nedostatke. Spolno razmnožavanje zahtijeva više vremena i daje manji broj potomaka. No, ti potomci sadrže nove kombinacije gena što omogućuje bolju prilagodbu na uvjete u okolišu i iskorištavanje najraznolikijih ekoloških niša. Iako partenogeneza daje potomke smanjene genetičke varijabilnosti, ima neke prednosti u odnosu na spolno razmnožavanje. Partenogeneza je proces koji ne zahtijeva prisutnost mužjaka iste vrste i njome se organizmi mogu brže reproducirati, pri čemu nastaje veći broj potomaka. Obje su ove metode razmnožavanja zajedno sa svim svojim prednostima i nedostacima prisutne kod najrazličitijih životinjskih vrsta. Iako je spolni način razmnožavanja češći, razmnožavanje partenogenezom vrlo je važna komponenta u životu nekih vrsta. Očito su prednosti koje partenogeneza nudi više nego dovoljne organizmima koji se njome koriste. Dokaz toga je činjenica da se partenogeneza kod tih vrsta usprkos postojanju spolnog razmnožavanja uspjela održati.

Abstract (english)

Reproduction is fundamental function of all organisms, and all the living world that surrounds us is the result of it. Whether it's sexual or asexual type of reproduction, the goal is always the same: to create an offspring and thus ensure extension of one own species. Sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis have their own advantages and disadvantages. Sexual reproduction requires a great deal of time and it results in fewer of offspring. These offspring have new gene combinations which provide them better adaptation to environmental conditions and exploatation of diverse ecological niches. Although parthenogenesis results in offspring with reduced genetic diversity, it does have some advantages over sexual reproduction. The advantage of parthenogenesis is that organisms can reproduce rapidly and it doesn't require the presence of the males. Parthenogenic organisms also produce a greater quantity of offspring. Both of these methods together with all their benefits and drawbacks exist among diversed animal species. Although sexual reproduction is the most common form of reproduction, reproduction by parthenogenesis is important component in life of some species. Obviously, the advantages that parthenogenesis offers are more than satisfactorily to these organisms. In accordance with that is the fact that parthenogenesis maintaines by them in spite of possibility of sexual reproduction.

• Keywords: partenogneza; spolno razmnožavanje
• Keywords (english): parthenogenesis; sexual reproduction
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:132204
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-06 10:15:52