Probiotici – mit ili stvarnost?

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Probiotics – myth or reality?
• Author: Anamarija Slović
• Mentor: Martina Šeruga Musić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2011, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Spoznaja da nisu sve bakterije nužno patogene, već naprotiv, neke od njih posjeduju brojne poželjne učinke na ljudsko zdravlje, dovodi do formiranja termina probiotik. No, kako bi bakterijski sojevi bili definirani kao probiotici moraju ispuniti određene uvjete, a potrebno je i točno odrediti djelotvorne učinke svakog soja. Kako bi probiotici mogli vršiti svoju funkciju moraju preživjeti prolazak kroz gastrointestinalni trakt čovjeka te pristići u debelo crijevo u dovoljnom broju da utječu na ekologiju i metabolizam bakterija u tom području. Faktori s kojima se susreću tijekom prolaska kroz gastrointestinalni trakt uključuju: otpornost na želučanu kiselinu i žučne soli, sposobnost prianjanja za epitelne stanice crijeva, modulaciju domaćinovog imunosnog odgovora i antimikrobnu aktivnost probiotika. Potencijalna korist probiotika za ljudsko zdravlje obuhvaća modulaciju mukoznog imunosnog odgovora te prevenciju i liječenje nekih crijevnih upalnih poremećaja, a probiotici koji svoj učinak ostvaruju upravljanjem mukoznim imunosnim sustavom nazivaju se imunobiotici. Osim modulacije mukoznog imunosnog sustava probiotici mogu djelovati i izravno na crijevnu mikrofloru, putem antimikrobne aktivnosti. Neki to rade izlučivanjem nespecifičnih antimikrobnih supstanci, poput masnih kiselina kratkih lanaca ili vodikovog peroksida, dok ostali proizvode toksine sa uskim rasponom ubijanja, odnosno bakteriocine.

Abstract (english)

A notion that not all bacteria are necessarily pathogenic; that, in fact, some of them carry numerous positive effects on human health led to forming the term probiotic. For a bacteria strain to be labeled probiotic, it must meet certain requirements, as well as have its positive effects correctly determined. For probiotics to fulfill their function they need to survive the gastrointestinal tract and arrive at the colon in sufficient numbers to affect the bacterial ecology and metabolism in that area. Relevant factors when traversing the tract include: stomach acid and bile acid resistance, ability to adhere to colon’s epithelial cells, modulation of host’s immunity response and probiotic’s antimicrobial activity. Potential human health benefits include modulation of mucosal immunity response, prevention and treatment of certain inflammatory bowel disorders, provided by probiotics labeled immunobiotics. Other than mucosal immunity response modulation, probiotics can directly affect the colon’s microflora by antimicrobial activity. Some do so by secreting nonspecific antimicrobial substances, such as short-chain fatty acids or hydrogen peroxide, while others produce toxins with very narrow killing ranges, such as bacteriocins.

• Keywords: probiotici
• Keywords (english): probiotics
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:478653
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-11 07:54:00