Arheje - porijeklo, evolucija i ekologija

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The archaea - origin, evolution and ecology
• Author: Vesna Vetma
• Mentor: Martina Šeruga Musić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2012, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Kada su prvi puta pronađeni 1977.godine, arheje, ovi mikroskopski jednostanični organizmi su klasificirani kao bakterije. Kasnije genetičke i biokemijske analize pokazale su da su arheje srodnije eukariotima. Istraživači koji su to otkrili,Woese i suradnici su predložili da se uvrste u novu domenu što je taksonomski razina iznad kraljevstva i tada je cijeli živi svijet re-klasificiran u tri domene: bakterije, eukarioti i arheje. Opisano je oko 250 vrsta arheja i većina ih je svrstana u dva koljena: Euryarchaeota i Crenoarchaeota. Mnoge od njih žive u ekstremnim uvjetima, na mjestima za koje smo mislili da život tamo ne može postojati, a također postoje i arheje umjerenih staništa,mezofilne arheje. Zbog arhealnih enzima koji funkcioniraju na visokim temperaturama vrše se intenzivna istraživanja arheja za komercijalne svrhe kao npr. izolacija enzima koji bi se dodali u detergente i enzimi koji pretvaraju kukuruzni škrob u dekstrine. Arheje također mogu doprinijeti čišćenju kontaminiranih mjesta kao na primjer naftne mrlje u oceanima.

Abstract (english)

When first discovered in 1977, archea, these microscopic single-celled organisms were classified as Bacteria. However, later genetic and biochemical analyses showed that they were more closely related to the Eukaryotes. The researchers who discovered this, Woese and his colleagues, proposed the addition of the “domain” as a taxonomic level above that of kingdom, with all life classified within one of three domains, now called Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea. More than 250 species of Archaea had been described, most fitting into one of two phyla, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Many of these live in extreme environments – places where we once believed no life could exist, but there are also the archaea which live in moderate enviroments, mesophilic archaea. Because they have enzymes that can function at high temperatures, considerable effort is being made to exploit the archaea for commercial processes such as providing enzymes to be added to detergents (maintain their activity at high temperatures and pH) and an enzymes to covert corn starch into dextrins. Archaea may also be enlisted to aid in cleaning up contaminated sites, e.g., petroleum spills.

• Keywords: arheje
• Keywords (english): archaea
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:289897
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-20 12:20:36