Mehanizmi razvoja B-staničnih limfoma

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Mechanisms of B-cell lymphoma development
• Author: Kruno Vukušić
• Mentor: Petra Korać (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2013, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Mehanizmi koji kontroliraju normalnu diferencijaciju i aktivaciju B-stanice često su u stanici limfoma kako bi u konačnici transformirana stanica imala neograničen rast i razvoj. B-stanice osobito su podložne malignim transformacijama zato što procesi koji dovode do velike raznolikosti imunoglobulina, koja je potrebna u normalnom imunološkom odgovoru, često vode do kromosomskih translokacija i onkogenih mutacija koje uključuju jake promotore Ig gena i mnoge tumor supresorske gene, kao i onkogene. Takvi događaji često vode do blokiranja diferencijacije, sprječavanja apoptoze i/ili poticanja proliferacije B-stanice koja konačno može biti prvi događaj u tranformaciji B-stanice u tumorsku stanicu. Dodatno, mnogi B-stanični limfomi trebaju ekspresiju BCR-a kako bi preživjeli, u nekim limfomima aktivacija stanice preko signalnog puta B-staničnog receptora te u nekima specifični faktori mikrookoliša tumora imaju važnu ulogu u tumorogenezi. Istraživanja na polju strukturne i funkcionalne genomike u zadnjih 10 godina značajno su doprinijela spoznajama o mehanizmima uključenim u patogenezu B-limfoma. Opisani su brojni signalni putovi koji su poremećeni u B-staničnim limfomima i koji vode do konsititutivne aktivacije brojnih drugih putova koji potiču preživljavanje tumorske stanice. Također, ovakav pristup istraživanja doveo je do klasifikacije B-limfoma prema stanicama od kojih su nastali budući da se zna kako su transformirane tumorske stanice u genetičkim i imunofenotipskim karakteristikama nalik nekom od tipova normalnih B-stanica. U godinama koje dolaze, nagli napredak genomike mogao bi dovesti do otkrića još mnogih drugih mehanizama koji su uključeni u transformaciju normalne B-stanice, što bi moglo pomoći u razvoju što uspješnijeg liječenja limfoma.

Abstract (english)

Mechanisms that control normal B-cell differentiation and activation are frequently disrupted in lymphoma cells which in the end leads to their unlimited growth and survival. B cells are particulary prone to malignant transformation because processes that normally create imunoglobulin diversity, which is necessary for normal imunnologic response, often can cause chromosomal translocations and oncogenic mutations which include strong promoters of Ig genes, tumor–supressor genes, and oncogenes. Such aberations often lead to block in differentiation, prevention of apotosis and/or promotion of proliferation which can represent first oncogenic hit in B-cell transformation. In addition, most of B-cell lymphoma depend on expression of a BCR for their survival. In some lymphomas antigen activation of lyphoma cells through BCR signalling snd specific factors from the microenviroment are equally important in tumorogenesis. Reserach and development of funtional and structural genomics greatly improved understanding of mechanisms involved in B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. Discovery of many signalling pathways which are aberrant in B cell lymphomas, leading to constitutive activation of many prosurvival pathways are now known. In addition, such research showed that B-cell lymhoma can be classified by their cell of origin because transformed cells often resemble normal stages of B-cell differentiation by immunophenotypic and genetic characteristics. In conclusion, development od field of genomics could lead to better understanding of mechanisms that drive B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis, all for one cause - efficient lymphoma therapies.

• Keywords: B-stanični limfomi
• Keywords (english): B-cell lymphoma
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:880479
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-25 10:43:04