Regeneracija u plošnjaka

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Flatworm regeneration
• Author: Stela Jelenić
• Mentor: Gordana Lacković-Venturin (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Plošnjaci (Platyhelminthes) su skupina životinja koje pokazuju iznimnu sposobnost regeneracije, a uglavnom je zadržavaju tijekom cijelog života. Među njima virnjaci (Turbellaria) imaju najmoćniju i najistraženiju regeneraciju. Mogu regenerirati sva tkiva, uključujući i cefaličke ganglije što je vrlo rijetka pojava među životinjama. S druge strane, metilji (Trematoda) i trakavice (Cestoda) nemaju toliko izraženu sposobnost regeneracije, međutim kao unutrašnji paraziti često izazivaju bolesti u ljudi i domaćih životnija pa se njihova regeneracija istražuje u svrhu razvijanja novih i efikasnijih lijekova. U ovom radu obrađene su osnovne teme vezane uz regeneraciju u plošnjaka, prije svega o regeneraciji virnjaka. Virnjaci su postali modelni organizmi za proučavanje regeneracije jer su jednostavni za uzgajanje, imaju jednostavan životni ciklus i postoje dobro razvijene metode za manipulaciju ekspresije gena, vizualizaciju specifičnih stanica i tkiva te za praćenje morfološke i stanične dinamike. Velik napredak zabilježen je u karakterizaciji stanične osnove regeneracije – neoblasta, otkrivanju mehanizma stvaranja polarnosti različitih osi, pronalaženju uloge diferenciranih tkiva te uloge reaktivnih oblika kisika u regeneraciji virnjaka. Otkriveno je mnogo gena koji sudjeluju u ovom procesu, međutim regulacija istih još uvijek nije dovoljno istražena. Uz regulaciju postoji još mnogo neodgovorenih pitanja u vezi regeneracije plošnjaka što otvara brojne mogućnosti za buduća istraživanja.

Abstract (english)

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are phylum of animals that have extraordinary ability of regeneration, which they keep during the whole life. Among them, planarians (Turbellaria) have the most powerful and the most explored regeneration. They can regenerate all the tissues including the ganglia and this is very rare in nature. On the other hand, flukes (Trematoda) and tapeworms (Cestoda) do not have such powerful ability of regeneration, but as they are parasites, they often cause human diseases or diseases of domestic animals. Because of that, scientists are studying their regeneration for the purpose of finding new, more efficient medicines. In this essay the basic topics about flatworm regeneration, especially in planarians, have been presented. Planarians have become the model organism for studying regeneration because they are easily bred in a laboratory, they have simple life cycle and there are some advanced methods for gene expression manipulation, visualization od specific cells and tissues and tracking of morphological and cellular dynamics. There was a big improvement in characterization of neoblasts – the cellular agents of regeneration, finding mechanisms of polarity in different body axes, determining the role of differentiated tissues and the role of reactive oxygen species in planarian regeneration. A lot of genes that are expressed in the regeneration process have been discovered. However, their regulation has not still been studied enough. Beside regulation, there are plenty of unanswered questions about regeneration of flatworms, and so there are still numerous opportunities for future research in this field.

• Keywords: plošnjaci; regeneracija
• Keywords (english): flatworms; regeneration
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:566718
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-05-17 09:18:08