Neuroendokrina regulacija odgovora na stres

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Neuroendocrine regulation of stress responses
• Author: Snježana Kodba
• Mentor: Dubravka Hranilović (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Stres danas predstavlja jednu od glavnih prijetnji homeostazi, a samim time i zdravlju čovjeka. Kada je pod stresom, tijelo pokreće niz obrambenih mehanizama kako bi održalo potrebnu ravnotežu te se oduprlo štetnim utjecajima koji prijete iz okoline. Glavnu ulogu u tome imaju autonomni živčani te endokrini sustav, čija međusobna povezanost pruža organizmu potrebnu zaštitu u stresnim situacijama. Pomoću osi hipofiza – hipotalamus – nadbubrežna žlijezda regulira se lučenje CRH, ACTH te naposljetku glukokortikoida koji sudjeluju u odgovoru organizma na stres. Odgovor, odnosno način na koji će se tijelo nositi sa stresom uvelike ovisi o njegovoj otpornosti na stres. Ona predstavlja sposobnost organizma da se prilagodi traumi te nosi sa kroničnim oblicima nedaća. Osim što je genetički uvjetovana, te ovisi o koncentraciji ključnih neurotransmitera, važnu komponentu otpornosti čine i psihosocijalni faktori te emocionalna mogućnost nošenja sa stresom. Međutim, bitan aspekt u radu mehanizama koji tijelo brane od stresa čini i starost samog organizma. Iako je vrijeme prenatalnog razdoblja prerano za vidjeti trajne posljedice stresa, kronično izlaganje visokoj koncentraciji glukokortikoida u ranom djetinjstvu pokazuje štetne posljedice za organizam u adolescenciji, odrasloj dobi i starosti. Prema tome, jasno je vidljivo da izlaganje kroničnom stresu u bilo kojem razdoblju života kasnije dovodi do nepoželjnih efekata.

Abstract (english)

Nowadays stress represents one of the greatest threats to the homeostasis and by that to human health in general. When under stress, an organism initiates defense mechanisms to maintain the necessary balance and resist the harmful effects from the environment. The main role in that process hold the autonomic nerve system and the endocrine system, coherence of which provides the required protection to the organisms. Stress response is regulated by the CRH, ACTH and glucocorticoids which are all secreted by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Response or the way that the body handles the stress depends largely on its resilience. It represents the capability of an organism to adjust to trauma and cope with chronic difficulties. Except for being genetically conditioned and depending on the concentration of key neurotransmitters, its important component is also represented by psychosocial factors and emotional capability to cope with stress. However, an important aspect in mechanisms which protect the body from stress is also the oldness of an organism. Although it is too early to see the visible consequences of stress during the prenatal period, the chronic exposure to high concentrations of glucocorticoids in early childhood shows harmful consequences to organism in adolescence, adulthood or old age. It is therefore evident that chronic stress exposure in any life period leads to unwanted effects later in life.

• Keywords: stres; obrambeni mehanizmi
• Keywords (english): stress; defense mechanisms
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:999650
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-10-01 09:39:30