Genomska filostratigrafija

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Genomic phylostratigraphy
• Author: Lucija Librenjak
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Makroevolucija, često definirana kao “evolucija iznad razine vrste”, tradicionalno se
proučava analizom fosila, komparativnom morfologijom ili tzv. evo-devo pristupom.
Korištenjem komparativne genomike moguće je rekonstruirati evolucijsku povijest na dodatnoj
razini, metodom genomske filostratigrafije. Genomsku filostratigrafiju razvio je Tomislav
Domazet-Lošo s Instituta Ruđer Bošković u Zagrebu. Ova novija statistička metoda koristi se
za povezivanje evolucijskog porijekla obitelji osnivačkih gena s određenim makroevolucijskim
tranzicijama. Pretpostavka je da će porijeklo složenih fenotipskih inovacija biti udruženo s
pojavom takvih osnivačkih gena čiji se potomci mogu pronaći u danas živućim organizmima.
Suština metode je podjela genoma u tzv. filostratume – skupine gena definiranih na temelju
njihovog evolucijskog porijekla. Ovom je metodom postalo moguće identificirati sve orphan
gene koji su doveli do postojećih genoma unutar evolucijskih linija, ali i pratiti važne
makroevolucijske adaptacije kao što su pojava zametnih listića ili porijeklo gena povezanih uz
nastanak raka. Također, genomska filostratigrafija potvrdila je postojanje filotipske faze u
razvoju životinja i biljaka. Ipak, mogu li računalne simulacije stvarno obuhvatiti pravu
kompleksnost evolucije?

Abstract (english)

Macroevolution, which is often defined as “evolution above the species level”, is
traditionally studied by fossil analysis, comparative morphology or evo-devo approaches. With
the use of comparative genomics one can nowadays reconstruct the evolutionary history on
additional level of analysis by genomic phylostratigraphy. Genomic phylostratigraphy was
developed by Tomislav Domazet-Lošo at the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb, Croatia. This
novel statistical method is used to correlate the evolutionary origin of founder gene families to
particular macroevolutionary transitions. It is assumed that the origin of complex phenotypic
innovations will be accompanied by the emergence of such founder genes, the descendants of
which can still be traced in extant organisms. Method is based on the genome divison into
phylostrata - classes of genes according to their evolutionary origin in the history of life. With
this method it has become possible to identify all orphan genes within the evolutionary lineages
that have led to a particular extant genome and to trace the origin of major macroevolutionary
adaptations such as emergence of germ layers or origin of cancer genes. Also, genomic
phylostratigraphy confirmed the existence of phylotypic stage in animal and plant development.
However, how well can computer simulations really capture the true complexity of evolution?

• Keywords: Genomska filostratigrafija
• Keywords (english): Genomic phylostratigraphy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:116609
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-10-01 09:50:30