Epigenetski mehanizmi u razvoju sisavaca

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Epigenetic mechanisms in mammalian development
• Author: Ana Dudaš
• Mentor: Romana Gračan (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Metilacija DNA jedan je od izrazito važnih procesa u razvoju sisavaca te u
diferencijaciji matičnih stanica koje se tako, poprimajući specifičan ekspresijski obrazac
zahvaljujući epigenetskim modifikacijama njihovih genoma, usmjeravaju u točno određeni tip
stanica sa specifičnom funkcijom te se sprječava njihovo vraćanje u nediferencirano stanje.
Brojni enzimi sudjeluju u uspostavljanju metilacijskih oznaka u DNA te su također otkriveni
oni koji pomažu u uklanjanju takvih oznaka. Naime, upravo je uklanjanje metilacijskih
oznaka važno za pravilan razvoj predimplantacijskog embrija budući da se tada odvija veliki
val epigenetskog reprogramiranja u kojemu se uklanjaju epigenetske oznake s roditeljskih
genoma, koji pritom slijede različite mehanizme demetilacije, te se uspostavlja pluripotentno
stanje stanica koje će potom omogućiti njihovu diferencijaciju. Razvitak tehnika
sekvenciranja i analize epigenoma u pojedinim stadijima ranog embrionalnog razvitka
omogućili su veće razumijevanje epigenetskog reprogramiranja u razvoju sisavaca te su
dosadašnja saznanja o istom predstavljena u ovom radu.

Abstract (english)

DNA methylation is one of extremely important processes in mammalian development
and in differentiation of the stem cells which are, by establishing specific expression pattern
thanks to epigenetic modifications of their genomes, directed in determined cell type with
specific function and their return to undifferentiated condition is prohibited. Numerous
enzymes are involved in DNA methylation and the ones that help in removing methylation
were also discovered. The removal of methylation is important for regular development of
preimplantation embryo, since a big wave of epigenetic reprogramming takes place then
which enables removal of epigenetic marks from parental genomes, that undergo different
mechanisms of demethylation, and establishment of pluripotency in the cells which are going
to differentiate later. Developing of sequencing techniques and epigenome analysis in certain
stages of early embryonal development have enabled greater understanding of epigenetic
reprogramming in mammalian development and knowledges about it so far are presented in
this paper.

• Keywords: sisavci; epigenetski mehanizmi
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:034551
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-09 11:31:36