Evolucija ptica

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Bird evolution
• Author: Mislav Brajković
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Ptice su jedna najvećih i najraznolikijih skupina kralježnjaka kojoj su trenutne procjene
broja vrsta dosegnule brojku od 18 000. Ova ogromna diverzifikacija samo je ostatak od davne
evolucijske radijacije još u periodu juri s najstarijom prapticom - Archaeopteryx. Svrha ovoga
rada bila je predstaviti evoluciju ptica od praptice Archaeopteryx do modernih ptica.
Archaeopteryx je neprocjenjiv nalaz koji je neopisivo utjecao na razmišljanja o podrijetlu ptica.
Nakon velikih rasprava o tome koja je skupina najbliži srodnik pticama, danas je konsenzus da
su to theropodni dinosauri kao npr. Oviraptor i Caudipteryx. Za prapticu Archaeopteryx smatra
se da je mogla letjeti, ali se postavlja pitanje kako je nastao let. Na to pitanje odgovaraju
arborealna i kursorijalna teorija, međutim debata o tome koja od njih dvije, ako i jedna, je
ispravna, i dalje traje.
Za podrobnije razumijevanje evolucije ptica zaslužna je Liaoning pokrajina u Kini u
kojoj su pronađeni mnogi ključni fosili ptica krede. Ptice krede nisu bile nalik današnjim
pticama, ali se kod njih sve više i više vidi anatomskih sličnosti s modernim pticama. Kod
prijelaza iz krede u tercijar, dolazilo je do masovnih izumiranja te su na kraju preživjele skupine
koje su se diverzificirale u današnje ptice. Današnja filogenija ptica vrlo je kompleksna te se
svako malo otkrivaju nove razlike u odnosu na prethodna istraživanja, što znači da cijela priča o
evoluciji ptica još nije gotova.

Abstract (english)

Birds are considered one of the most abundant and diverse vertebrate groups, with
modern estimates of 18 000 species. This emerse diversification is just a remnant of ancient
evolutionary radiation which can be traced back to Jurassic and Archaeopteryx. The purpose of
this paper is to present avian evolution from Archaeopteryx to modern birds. Archaeopteryx is
considered the most valuable fossil that has enormously affected field of bird evolution. The
origin of birds is one of the most enduring and dramatic evolutionary debates which has been
resolved with theropod dinosaurs as the closest relatives. It is known that Archaeopteryx could
fly, but the origin of flight is still under debate with arboreal and cursorial theory as explanations,
but those teories are now in underdetermination.
Lioling Province of China, from which many Cretaceus bird fossils were found, has had a
vast influnce on understanding of bird evolution. Cretaceus birds weren't like modern birds,
although they are gradually having more and more anatomical similarities with modern birds.
During the great extinction of Late Cretaceus period, many of modern bird groups managed to
survive and diversify. Current bird phylogeny is very complex and every so often new changes
are being made, which indicates that the story of avian evolution is not yet finished.

• Keywords: ptice; evolucija
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:070692
• Study programme: Title: Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-11 09:56:40