Razmnožavanje zmija – oviparija, viviparija i ovoviviparija

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Snake reproduction – ovipary, vivipary and ovovivipary
• Author: Paula Prpić
• Mentor: Duje Lisičić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Zmije su vrlo raznolika i široko rasprostranjena skupina životinja. Nastanjuju raznolika staništa, što zahtjeva specifične prilagodbe. Kao i za niz drugih aktivnosti, morale su razviti prilagodbe za razmnožavanje. Pod te prilagodbe spada i osiguravanje uspješnog embrionalnog razvoja mladih. Većina zmija razmnožava se jednom godišnje, i to nakon hibernacije. Za razvoj različitih oblika razmnožavanja glavni čimbenik je bila temperatura. Prvi način je oviparija, odnosno izljeganje jaja koja se dalje inkubiraju do kraja embrionalnog razvoja. Drugi je viviparija, odnosno zadržavanje embija unutar jajovoda do kraja njegovog razvitka. Taj oblik se pojavljuje u hladnijim krajevima u kojima bi hladnoća mogla nepovoljno djelovati na razvoj embrija unutar jaja izloženih uvjerima u okolišu. Treći je ovoviviparija, koja ima značajke i oviparije i viviparije. Ovoviviparne zmije stvaraju jaja, nema direktne izmjene hranjivih tvari između majke i embrija, ali na kraju svog razvoja embriji unutar majke izađu iz jajeta i rađaju se kao viviparne vrste. Temperatura je općenito vrlo bitna za život zmija, jer utječe na njihovu aktivnost i metabolizam. Osim temperature, važni okolišni čimbenici koji također utječu na razmnožavanje zmija su vlaga i dostupnost hrane.

Abstract (english)

Snakes are a very diverse and widespread group of animals. They occur in a wide variety of habitats, which requires specific adaptations. Like a lot of other activities, adaptations regarding reproduction had to evolve as well, in order to ensure successful embryonic development Most snakes reproduce once a year, after hibernation. Temperature was the main factor for development of different reproductive modes. The first mode is ovipary. Oviparous snakes lay eggs which are incubated outside of females’ bodies before the completion of embryotic development. The second mode is vivipary. Viviparous snakes keep their embryos inside their body until the end of its development. This form occurs in colder areas, where lower temperatures could adversely affect embryonic development within eggs exposed to environmental conditions. The third form is ovivivipary, which contains features of both ovipary and vivipary. Ovoviviparous snakes produce eggs and there is no direct transport of nutrients between the mother and the embryo. But in the end of its development, the embryos emerge from the eggs inside the mothers’ bodies and are born as in viviparous species. Temperature is generally very important for the life of snakes as it affects their activity and metabolism. Humidity and food availability are also important environmental factors influencing snake reproduction.

• Keywords: zmije-razmnožavanje
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:116371
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-11 10:03:28