Evolucija mozga i ponašanja

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Evolution of brain and behavior
• Author: Doris Brkić
• Mentor: Damjan Franjević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Mozak je središnji organ centralnog živčanog sustava u kojemu signali iz svih dijelova tijela dobivaju smisao i značenje. Iz primljenih informacija, mozak šalje uputu tijelu kako da reagira u određenom okolišu, točnije kako da se ponaša. Evolucija mozga započela je prije više od 650 milijuna godina, tijekom perioda koje je obilovalo svim vrstama informacija te su životinje koje su ih mogle iskoristiti bolje preživljavale od onih koje nisu. Razvoju živčanog sustava pa tako i mozga, prethodio je nastanak neurona, stanica koje su podražljive te koje mogu prenositi akcijski potencijal. Hox geni su najbitnija skupina gena koja regulira formaciju mozga i leđne moždine kod kralježnjaka te je mutacijama u ovim genima došlo do razvoja naprednijih oblika mozgova koji su mogli obavljati više funkcija. Integracija signala iz osjetila, kao najbolja poveznica jedinke s okolišem, zauzima velika područja kore mozga. Što je osjetilo razvijenije i specifičnije, to će područje u mozgu zaduženo za primanje njegovih signala biti veće. Ljudi za razliku od ostalih sisavaca imaju najrazvijeniju koru mozga koja je podijeljena na više od 200 različitih područja zaslužnih za obavljanje specifičnih funkcija. Glavne funkcije mozga koje su evoluirale kod ljudi su mogućnost sporazumijevanja putem jezika i apstraktno razmišljanje koje nam omogućuje rješavanje kompliciranih matematičkih zadataka. Evolucija mozga omogućena je selekcijskim djelovanjem na ponašanje te je ona bila postupna, trajala je dugo polaganim usavršavanjem različitih komponenti te je u konačnici dala najsloženiji organ u tijelu – mozak.

Abstract (english)

The brain is the central organ of the central nervous system in which signals from all parts of the body gain meaning. From the information received, the brain sends instructions to the body how to react in a particular environment, more specifically how to behave. The evolution of the brain began more than 650 million years ago, during a period filled with all kinds of information, and animals that could use it survived better than those that couldn't. The development of the nervous system, including the brain, was preceded by the emergence of neurons, cells that can be stimulated and that can transmit action potential. Hox genes are the most important cluster of genes that regulate brain and spinal cord formation in vertebrates, and mutations in these genes have led to the development of more advanced brain forms that could perform multiple functions. The integration of the signals from the senses, as the best link between an individual and the environment, occupies large areas of the cerebral cortex. The more sophisticated and specific the sensory organ is, the area in the brain responsible for receiving its signals will be larger. Humans, unlike other mammals, have the most developed cerebral cortex, which is divided into more than 200 different areas that are responsible for specific functions. The main brain functions that have evolved in humans are the ability to communicate through language and abstract thinking that enables us to solve complicated mathematical problems. The evolution of the brain was made possible by a selective action on behavior, it was gradual, it lasted for a long time slowly perfecting various components, and ultimately it gave the most complex organ in the body - the brain.

• Keywords: evolucija mozga
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:298809
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-25 08:39:42