Učinak visokokalorične prehrane na inzulinsku rezistenciju i oksidacijski stres u štakora

master's thesis

• Title (english): The effect of high-calorie diet on insulin resistance and oxidative stress in rats
• Author: Martin Vargek
• Mentor: Nada Oršolić (mentor)
• Committee member: Nada Oršolić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Božena Mitić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Romana Gračan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Lajtner (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-05-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Pretilost je jedna od bolesti od koje obolijeva sve veći dio ljudske populacije. Kao uzroke pretilosti, uz genetske predispozicije, navode se visokokalorična hrana (VKH) te nedostatak tjelesne aktivnosti. Cilj rada bio je istražiti učinak visokokalorične hrane (VKH) na tjelesnu težinu, inzulinsku rezistenciju, hematološke i biokemijske pokazatelje te pokazatelje oksidacijskog stresa u jetri i bubregu. Rezultati pokazuju da VKH uzrokuje porast tjelesne težine štakora, povećanje razine oksidacijskog stresa u bubregu i jetri te porast inzulinske rezistencije u krvi u odnosu na prehranu standardnom hranom (STH). Povećanje razine oksidacijskog stresa, mjereno razinom malondialdehida (MDA), krajnjeg produkta lipidne peroksidacije, prati smanjena razina staničnog antioksidansa glutationa (GSH) te smanjena aktivnost katalaze (CAT). Razvoj inzulinske rezistencije u štakora hranjenih VKH potvrđen je testom oralne podnošljivosti glukoze mjerenjem razine glukoze u intervalima od 0, 30, 60 i 120 minuta nakon intragastričkog unosa glukoze u dozi od 3 g/kg tjelesne težine. Porast oksidacijskog stresa u životinja na VKH, prati porast inzulinske rezistencije te nastanak upalne reakcije vidljiv kroz povećanje postotka neutrofila i narušenih biokemijskih i hematoloških pokazatelja u krvi. Podaci pokazuju povećanu osjetljivost muških jedinki u odnosu na ženke što se vjerojatno može pripisati zaštitnom učinku estrogena.

Abstract (english)

Obesity is one of the fastest growing diseases in human population nowadays. The main causes of obesity, besides genetic predisposition, are high-calorie diet (HCD) and insuficient exercise. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of HCD on body weight, insulin resistance, hematological and biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in kidney and liver. Results show that HCD causes an increase in body weight, increased oxidative stress in tissues of kidney and liver and insulin resistance in the blood compared with a standard diet. Increased oxidative stress, measured as malondialdehide level, one of the end products of lipid peroxidation, is followed by decreased levels of cell antioxidant glutatione and decreased catalase activity. Occurrence of insulin resistance in rats fed with HCD was established through oral glucose tolerance test by mesauring blood glucose level 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the intragastric glucose uptake in a dose of 3 g/kg of body weight. Increase of oxidative stress in HCD animal groups is followed by an increase in insulin resistance and appearance of inflammation seen as an increase in percentage of neutrofils and impaired biochemical and hematological parameters of blood. Data show increased sensitivity of males compared to females which can be explained by the protective effect of estrogen.

• Keywords: visokokalorična hrana; pretilost; inzulinska rezistencija; oksidacijski stres
• Keywords (english): rats; high-calorie diet; obesity; insulin resistance; oxidative stress
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:116434
• Study programme: Title: Experimental Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra eksperimentalne biologije (magistar/magistra eksperimentalne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access; Embargo expiration date: 2021-05-15
• Created on: 2019-12-04 14:06:50