Utjecaj mikroorganizama na razvoj neurodegenerativnih bolesti

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Influence of microorganisms on the development of neurodegenerative diseases
• Author: Ana Šarić
• Mentor: Sofia Ana Blažević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Neurodegenerativne bolesti označavaju poremećaje središnjeg živčanog sustava uzrokovane progresivnim gubitkom strukture i funkcije neurona, odnosno neurodegeneracijom. Opće je prihvaćeno da većina neurodegenerativnih bolesti nastaje kao rezultat genetičkih mutacija, upala, nepravilnog smatanja proteina i okolišnih faktora. U posljednje se vrijeme etiologija neurodegenerativnih bolesti počinje povezivati i s mikrobnim infekcijama. Razne su studije pokazale da mikroorganizmi koji obitavaju u crijevima čovjeka mogu utjecati na razinu neurotransmitera, neurogenezu i razvoj središnjeg živčanog sustava putem reguliranja koncentracije neurotrofnog moždanog faktora. Mikroorganizmi također mogu poticati amiloidozu; neprirodnu agregaciju izvanstaničnih i unutarstaničnih proteina koja pridonosi razvoju određenih neurodegenerativnih bolesti, poput Parkinsonove bolesti i Alzheimerove bolesti. Crijevna mikrobiota povezuje se i s neurorazvojnim poremećajem autizmom te s multiplom sklerozom. Iako epidemiološka promatranja i eksperimenti provedeni na životinjskim modelima podržavaju hipotezu utjecaja crijevne mikrobiote na patogenezu neurodegenerativnih bolesti putem osi crijevo-mozak, kliničkih dokaza je malo. Utjecaj mikroorganizama na neurodegeneraciju zanimljivo je područje za buduća istraživanja koja bi mogla pridonijeti rasvjetljavanju uzroka i mehanizama razvoja neurodegenerativnih bolesti te pronalaženju novih načina liječenja.

Abstract (english)

Neurodegenerative diseases are disorders of the central nervous system caused by the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons – neurodegeneration. It is generally accepted that many neurodegenerative disorders are the result of genetic mutations, inflammation, misfolded proteins and environmental factors. Recently, the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases has been associated with microbial infections. Many studies have shown that gut microbiota can affect neurotransmitter levels, neurogenesis and the development of the central nervous system by regulating the concentration of brain derived neurotrophic factor. Microorganisms can also influence amyloidosis; abnormal aggregation of extracellular and intracellular proteins which contributes to the development of some neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Gut microbiota has also been linked to autism, a neurobiological developmental disease, and multiple sclerosis. Although epidemiological observations and experiments on animal models support the hypothesis of the gut microbiota influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases through the gut-brain axis, there is still lack of clinical evidence. The influence of microorganisms on neurodegeneration is an interesting area for future research and it could help enlighten the origin and mechanisms of development of neurodegenerative disease and contribute to the finding of novel treatments.

• Keywords: mikroorganizmi; neurodegenerativne bolesti
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:118431
• Study programme: Title: Molecular Biology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) molekularne biologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-09-14 09:16:07