Ugroženost i zaštita orangutana

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Endangerment and conservation of orangutans
• Author: Amalia Brkić
• Mentor: Perica Mustafić (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Science; (Department of Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology

Abstract

Orangutani (Pongo) žive samo na području tropskih šuma Bornea i Sumatre. Razlikuju se tri vrste: Pongo pygmaeus (bornejski), P. abelii (sumatranski) i P. tapanuliensis (tapanuliski). Bornejski orangutan, kao najbrojnija vrsta, broji oko 100 000 jedinki, dok tapanuliski broji tek oko 800 jedinki. Populacije svih triju vrsta su u opadanju i nalaze se na IUCN-ovom popisu kritično ugroženih vrsta, tj. prijeti im izuzetno visoki rizik od izumiranja u prirodi. Uzrok nestanka ovih vrsta je čovjek koji deforestacijom i fragmentacijom uništava njihovo stanište, a ilegalnim trgovanjem dodatno smanjuje njihovu brojnost u divljini. Kroz zaštićena područja prolaze prometnice, a i ilegalna sječa je česta pojava. Razvojem infrastrukture, stanište se sve više fragmentira i populacije orangutana postaju izolirane. Unutar populacije tapanuliskog orangutana kao posljedica izolacije već je zabilježeno parenje u srodstvu. Indonezija unazad par godina bilježi pad stope deforestacije, ali ne i u Istočnom Kalimantanu, području ključnim za orangutane. Centri za rehabilitaciju i introdukciju životinja u divljinu ulažu veliki trud u konzervaciju ovih vrsta, ali ako se nastavi daljnje uništavanje staništa, orangutani će izumrijeti kroz sljedećih nekoliko desetljeća.

Abstract (english)

Orangutans (Pongo) are found only in the tropical forests of Borneo and Sumatra. There are three species: Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean), P. abelii (Sumatran) and P. tapanuliensis (Tapanuli). The Bornean orangutan, as the most numerous species, numbers about 100,000 individuals, while the Tapanuli orangutan numbers only about 800 individuals. The populations of all three species are declining and are on the IUCN list of critically endangered species, i.e. they are at extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. The cause of the extinction of these species is man, who destroys their habitat by deforestation and fragmentation and further reduces their numbers in the wild through illegal trade. Roads pass through protected areas and illegal logging is a common occurrence. With the development of infrastructure, the habitat is increasingly fragmented and orangutan populations are becoming isolated. Within the population of the Tapanuli orangutan, as a consequence of isolation, inbreeding has already been recorded. Indonesia has seen a decline in deforestation rates over the past few years, but not in East Kalimantan, an area crucial to orangutans. Wildlife rehabilitation and reintroduction centers are making great efforts to conserve these species, but if further habitat destruction continues, orangutans will become extinct in the next few decades.

• Keywords: orangutani
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:217:501031
• Study programme: Title: Environmental Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) struke znanosti o okolišu)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-09-28 12:40:01